英语知识点及模拟题练习

英语知识点汇总及模拟题练习

　　异国文化：美国人爱去的跳蚤市场

　　flea market

　　科学家们说，世界上有许多昆虫对人类是有益的，但是也有好多小虫子使人感到讨厌，特别是跳蚤，它虽小，但是咬起人来很利害，而且还可能会传染致命的病菌。可是，美国人倒是很喜欢跳蚤市场。跳蚤市场在英文里就是叫：flea market。

　　什么是flea market呢?Flea market实际上和跳蚤一点关系都没有。Flea market是一种往往在周末举行的非正式集市，flea market一般都是在户外，而且那儿有许多摊贩出售各种各样的东西，有不少都是用过的旧东西，新的东西也有，但是质量一般都比较差，价钱也很便宜。可是，要是你眼光敏锐的话，你能花很少的钱买到很有价值的古董和其他东西，就像下面这个人一样：

　　例句-1: I was lucky when I went to the flea market today. In the middle of all the worthless junk I found a carved jade Chinese snuff bottle and bought it for five dollars: the seller didn't know what it was.

　　这个人说：“我今天去跳蚤市场，运气还真不错。在那些毫无用处的破玩意儿堆里，我找到一个中国鼻烟壶，是用玉做的，上面还有雕刻。我才花了五块钱。卖东西的人根本不知道那是什么东西。”

　　有的人很容易伤感，看到一些旧的东西就触景生情，钩起他们对以往的回忆。下面就是一个例子：

　　例句-2: For me a flea market is a sad place--all those memories of the past: stuff that used to be precious to people who have died or grown old or just moved away.

　　这人说：“在我看来，跳蚤市场是一个令人伤感的地方，市场上卖的东西过去对一些人来说都是很宝贵的，但是他们老的老了，死的死了，有的人也已经不知去向了。”

　　表达谢意的13个英文短句汇总

　　“Thanks” 和“Thank you”是表达谢意最常用的句子，“Thank you”比“Thanks” 更正式一些，英文中还有很多方式可以表示感谢，今天小编就为大家

　　高三英语语法和惯用法：“在……下”的八类英语表达

　　一、用under表示

　　1. 表示具体意义的“在……下”。如：

　　Your bag is under the bed. 你的提包在床底下。

　　She put the letter under the pillow. 她把信放在枕头下。

　　Under a microscope a hair looks like a thick stick. 在显微镜下，一根头发看上去像根大粗棍子。

　　2. 表示抽象意义的“在……下”。如：

　　We did the work under his direction. 我们在他的指导下工作。

　　Under present conditions no change is possible. 在目前情况下不可能有变化。

　　It’s hard to stay sane under such awful pressure. 处于这种可怕的压力之下，不疯才怪呢。

　　The group flourished under her firm leadership. 这个团队在她的坚定领导下兴旺发达。

　　Under the new management things have gone from bad to worse. 在新的管理人员领导下，情况反而更坏了。

　　二、用in表示

　　The trees threw long shadows in the moonlight. 在月光下，树木投出了长长的影子。

　　Make sure that the figures on the dial can be seen in direct sunlight. 要确保刻度盘上的数字在日光下可以看见。

　　In given conditions a bad thing can be turned into a good one. 在一定条件下，坏事可以变为好事。

　　Time is an important consideration in this case. 在这种情况下，时间是一个要考虑的重要因素。

　　In the ordinary course of events, I visit her once a week. 在一般情况下，我每周去看她一次。

　　In most instances the pain soon goes away. 在多数情况下，这种疼痛很快就消失。

　　三、用with表示

　　He got back his wallet with the help of the police. 在警察的帮助下，他找回了自己的钱包。

　　With the teacher’s help, I worked out the problem at last. 在老师的帮助下，我终于算出了这道习题。

　　I left as early as was consistent with politeness. 我在不失礼的情况下，提前离去了。

　　四、用by表示

　　He worked by the light of a candle. 他在烛光下工作。

　　Animated by fresh hope, he started again. 他在新希望的激励之下，又从头做起。

　　五、用to表示

　　Don’t expose your skin to the sun for long. 别让皮肤长时间暴露在阳光下。

　　六、用through表示

　　He got his job through a friend. 在一位朋友的帮忙下他得到这份工作。

　　七、用beneath表示

　　The river flows beneath the old bridge. 小河从那古老的桥下流过。

　　The sun is now beneath the horizon. 太阳此刻落到地平线下了。

　　I had arranged to meet him beneath the statue in the park. 我和他约好在公园的塑像下碰头。

　　八、用其他方法表示

　　Quite unknown to me, she’d gone ahead and booked the holiday. 在我完全不了解的情况下，她已先行办好了度假的预订手续。

　　I was hurried into making an unwise decision. 我在催逼之下草率地做出了不智的决定。

　　Higher salaries are seducing many teachers into industry.在高薪利诱之下，许多教师改行进入工业界。

　　初三英语上册知识点：表达数目和数量的特别方法

　　大家知道，不可数名词没有表示复数的“-s”标志，因此前面不可有数目字，只可以有数量词。例如我们可以说①， 不可以说②：

　　①There is not much furniture in the office.

　　②There are not many furnitures in the office.

　　这是不是说不可数名词就不可数呢?不然。相反的，不可数名词也是可数的，主要方法是借重单位词(unit word)，如：

　　a piece of, a cup of, a drop of, a lump of, a handful of, a flash of, a blade of, a head of, a bar of, an ear of等。

　　如果数目是超过“一”，就以确实数目取代“一”。例如：

　　two pieces of, three cups of 和 five lumps of 等。

　　现在试试把上述这类单位词和适当的不可数名词连用。

　　① Mr Li has just bought a piece of new furniture.

　　② Give me a cup of cold water, please.

　　③ Please put two lumps of sugar in my coffee.

　　④ The boy picked up two handfuls of sand from the beach.

　　⑤ We saw a flash of lightning in the sky.

　　⑥ The gardener pulled out blades of wild grass from the garden.

　　⑦ She gave bars of chocolate to the visiting children.

　　有些名词如 scissors, trousers, spectacles, tongs, pliers 等，都以复数形式出现， 如：

　　⑧ The scissors are lying on the table.

　　⑨ The spectacles fit me nicely.

　　如果要给这些名词表示单数“一”的意思，就要借重单位词了。例如：

　　⑩ Mary has just bought a pair of scissors.

　　(1) The mechanic repaired the machine with a set of pliers.

　　现代英语注重简洁，合成形容词便应运而生，其中有一种是用来表示数目的，方法是：

　　“数目+名词”，如：a five-year plan, a ten-dollar note, a two-hour meeting, a three-day conference等。

　　必须注意的是，这种合成形容词中的名词，只能以单数形式出现。如果用复数，就错了，如：

　　a five-years plan, a ten-dollars note, a two-hours meeting, a three-days conference.

　　这类错误，虽然频率不是很高，但也是要留意才好。

　　如果没有把握，不妨用完整的表达方式，如：

　　a five-year plan→a plan of five years, a ten-dollar note→a note of ten dollars, a three-day conference→a conference of three days 等。

　　英语短板：如何学好句型翻译和书面表达部分

　　导语：在最近进行的期中英语考试中，根据老师的.阅卷分析，学生中存在的最大问题就是句型翻译和书面表达部分。

　　一 翻译部分主要存在以下问题：

　　1.受中文影响，翻译时通常按中文的思维和语序来表达，因此往往只是把中文的意思表达出来，而没有按英语的习惯表达;2.时态意识比较淡薄，没有将不同时间发生的动作用不同的时态表达出来，比较突出的问题就是误用时态;3.忽视一些细节性的错误，如冠词的使用以及某些短语中的固定搭配。

　　二 书面表达部分的主要存在问题：

　　1.审题意识淡薄，没有通篇考虑文章的主要时态;2.表达不符合英语的习惯;3.出现较多的双谓语现象;4.段落或句子之间缺乏必要的连接词语;5.卷面不够整洁，书写不够规范(字体偏草、偏小，不够美观)。

　　对策：高度重视考试中出现的典型错误，明确高一阶段英语学习的主要任务和途径。

　　1 主要任务：进行大量有效、地道的输入，为未来的综合运用储备足够的基础知识。

　　2.主要途径：

　　1)在“读”字上面狠下功夫。一是朗读，二是阅读。每天坚持20-30分钟的朗读，朗读的内容可以是佳句、范文或美文，其主要目的是进行地道的输入和模仿，从中模仿地道的表达和培养应有的语感：每天坚持读一些来自英语报刊和课外读物的文章，其主要目的同样是为了增加输入量，与此同时还可以扩大词汇量和提高阅读的速度。

　　2)在记和写方面狠下功夫。一是摘记课本中的好词好句，二是摘录课外读物中的好词好句。经常做一些翻译练习(包括中英的互译)，适当进行仿写，写课文摘要以及改写。必须明白：好的文章都是从有效模仿开始的。

　　3)高度重视平时出现的典型错误，力求做到有错必改，有错必纠。特别要注意中英在表达上的差异，重点关注时态、语态、主谓一致、名词的数、谓语与非谓语以及语序的问题。

　　4)坚持每天练习书写十分钟，培养良好的书写习惯，保持卷面整洁。力求书写规范，纠错符号规范，标点符号规范以及大小写规范。

　　外研版高一英语必修2阅读表达和一篇作文练习

　　第一节 阅读表达(共5小题;每小题3分，满分15分)

　　阅读下面短文，并根据要求完成文章后的题目。

　　If you are worried about things and are under a lot of stress at work or school, then you are probably not sleeping well. Worry can keep you awake, tossing and turning in bed until the early hours of the morning when you eventually fall asleep. When you wake up, you don’t feel refreshed, but tired and worn out and unable to face a new day.

　　Dr. Henry Winkle, in a recent newspaper article entitled Stress and Sleep, indicates that _________________________ . Dr. Winkle says, “The more we worry, the less we sleep, the more we are unable to deal with stress. If we can find a way to get a good night’s sleep,” he adds, “we can often find the energy to deal with what’s worrying us”.

　　So, what is a good night’s sleep? Research shows that the amount of sleep which people need in order to keep healthy varies a lot. Seven hours in about the average amount, though strangely enough, sleeping longer often gives you a headache instead of making you feel more refreshed.

　　Dr. Winkle believes that preparing for sleeping is important. People who work late should try to give themselves a short break and do something restful before going to bed. This could be watching TV or listening to music. Doing some exercise earlier in the day should help you to feel physically as well as mentally tired. A bedtime drink can also help, but coffee or tea should be avoided as they contain caffeine and will keep you awake. “When you put the light out,” Dr. Winkle says, “concentrate on relaxing your muscles, working slowly up from your feet, and you’ll be asleep before you know it.”

　　1.What is the best title of the passage? (Please answer within 10 words.)

　　__________________________________________________________________________

　　2.Which sentences in the passage can be replaced by the following one?

　　People shouldn’t go to sleep immediately but should take a break after working late in the night.

　　_________________________________________________________________________

　　3.Please fill in the blank in the second paragraph with proper words or phrases to complete the sentence.(Please answer within 10 words.)

　　______________________________________________________________________

　　4.Someone says that the longer you sleep, the better you feel. Try to find some arguments from the passage against the idea. (Please answer within 30 words.)

　　______________________________________________________________________

　　5.Translate the underlined sentence in the first paragraph into Chinese.

　　______________________________________________________________________

　　第二节 书面表达:

　　【题目】在一次中美青年座谈会上，轮到你发言，请根据以下提示写一篇口头发言稿。

　　提示：

　　1.你的理想是当一名教师，但有人会感到诧异，认为教师的工作辛苦，收入又低。

　　2.你有自己的想法，从孩提时你就想成为一名教师。

　　3.你认为教师的工作对于社会发展是十分重要的和必要的。

　　4.你觉得同儿童在一起很快活，并且能永葆青春。

　　5.你不认为教育儿童是浪费时间，相反，那是一份有价值的工作。

　　要求：

　　1.发言稿应包括前后的客套语。

　　2.发言稿要包括上述5点，但不可逐条翻译.

　　参考答案

　　第一节 阅读表达(共5小题;每小题3分，满分15分)

　　1.Sleep and Your Life/Stress and Sleep/Sleep is Important

　　2.People who work late should try to give themselves a short break and do something restful before going to bed.

　　3.stress/worry and (lack of) sleep are directly related

　　4.Seven hours is about the average amount, though strangely enough, sleeping longer often gives you a headache instead of making you feel more refreshed.

　　5.当你醒来时，你不但没有感到精力充沛(旺盛)，反而疲惫不堪，难以面对新的一天。

　　第二节：书面表达

　　Dear friends,

　　I’m very glad to have this chance to speak here to so many young people.

　　My dream is a simple but great one ----- to be a school teacher. You may wonder why, for the teacher’s job is hard and the pay is poor. I have my own idea about it. I have had the dream of becoming a teacher since my childhood. As is known to all of us, the teacher’s job is very important and necessary for social and economic development. To me, it is a pleasure to be with small children. They make me feel young and I don’t think it waste of time to teach small children. On the contrary, I think it’s a valuable job.

　　That’s all have to say. Thank you.