英语六级语法之一致原则

英语六级语法之一致原则

　　不管是英语六级作文还是六级翻译，六级阅读我们离不开的一部分就是英语语法，但是语法具体有没有一个捷径?有没有一个方法可以学会所有的六级语法?虽然没有方法，但是有一个态度就是坚持，只要你一个个掌握你的语法就可以学好。以下是小编为大家精心整理的英语六级语法之一致原则，欢迎大家阅读参考!

　　英语的一致有三种:主谓一致，代词一致，肯定与否定一致

　　一、概念一致

　　1. And连接的两个或多个单数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式 His opinion and mine are different他的观点和我的是不同的。

　　Bob and Peter are deadly rivals

　　1.Bob和peter是死对头。

　　但是如果and连接的是指一个单一概念时，谓语动词用单数。

　　Bread and milk has been my breakfast for years. 牛奶面包多年来一直是我的早餐。

　　由and连接的单数主语分别有many a，ever y，each，no修饰时，动词用单数。 如：During the holidays, every train and every plane was crowded.假期期间每列火车及每架飞机都非常拥挤。

　　2.如果主语是一个抽象概念(如不定式、动名词、主语从句等)谓语动词用单数形式。如果主语是用and连接的两个或多个抽象概念，谓语动词用复数形式。 如：Swimming jogging and cycling are all goad2 farms of sports exercises.游泳、慢跑和骑自行车都是很好的运动形式。

　　以what，who，why，haw, whether等wh一词引起的从句做主语时，谓语动词通常用单数;由and连接的两个主句如果指两件事，动词用复数。 例如:What he is doing is not clear yet他在干什么还不清楚

　　以what从句为主语的“主一系一表SVC"句型中，如果主句的表语是复数，主句谓语动词用复数形式;what从句本身是复数意义，主句谓语动词也可用复数。 如：What I need buy now are four tea cups and a pair of sports shoes. 我需要买的是四只茶杯和一双运动鞋。

　　3.集体名词family，class，crew(全体船员或机组人员)，crowd, group, committee, audience, government, public, team, staff, population等做主语时，若作为一个整体看待，后面谓语动词用单数; 如就其中每一个成员来考虑时，则用复数。 例如: My family is a big one.我家人多。

　　People, police, cattle,(牛)，militia(民兵)，poultry(家禽)，vermin(害出)等作主语时，后面的动词要用复数。

　　4.不定代词either，neither，ever y，each，one，the other, another以及所有的复合不定代词作主语时，谓语动词只用单数，包括“every/each/no……and every/each/no……”作主语时。

　　如：Every/Each plane and every/each pilot is ready to take off. 每架飞机和每个飞行员都已准备好起飞。

　　5. what，who，which，any，mare，some，half，mast，all，none.等代词可以是单数，也可以是复数，主要靠意思决定。但指不可数名词时作单数看待。

　　6.表示时间、重量、长度、价值等的单位名词，尽管是复数形式，如果作整体看待，动词都用单数形式。如果看作组成该数量的一个一个的个体，则动词用复数。 如：Twenty miles is a long way to walk. 走二十英里可是很长的一段路。

　　7. “the+形容词”表示一类人时，谓语动词用复数。表示抽象概念或指个别事物时谓语动词用单数。

　　如：The old are well taken care of. 老人得到很好的照顾。

　　8. 如果主语由"a kind/sort/type of this kind/sort/type of +名词”组成，不管名词是单数还是复数，动词通常用单数。

　　如：This kind of man annoys me. =This kind of men annoys me. 这种人让我烦。 类似的还有:a portion3 of(一部分)，a series of(一系列)，a pile of(一堆)，a panel4 of (一个小组委员会)，

　　如：A series of accidents has happened here. 这里发生过一系列事故。

　　9. Means作“方法、手段”讲时，单复数同形，其前面有each, every, neither, either,等单数a念的定语时，谓语动词用单数;若有all, both，these等复数概念的定语时谓语动词用复数。

　　“None of the means”作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数。

　　如：There is/are no means of learning5 what is happening. 没法知道正在发生什么事。

　　二、主语与谓语的一致

　　英语语法要求，主语如果是单数，谓语动词也要用单数形式;主语若是复数，谓语动词也要用复数形式 例如:

　　We all like good food.我们都喜欢好饭菜。

　　Everybody was happy with the decision. 人人都对这个决定感到高兴

　　三、代词一致

　　代词一致是指句子中代词应在数、性、人称等方面彼此保持一致， 如：One must do one’ s best to increase production. Everybody talked at the tap of his/their voice.

　　If anyone calls, tell him I’ 11 be back in a moment. (him也可用him or her代替) 在写作中，如果表示不定的人，可以用you, we, one等，需要注意的是：同一篇文章中，只用同一个不定代词，而且所有格要与其一致。

　　四、就近一致

　　1.当主语由either...... or. neither...... nor , not only ...... but(also) 或or连接时，谓语动词通常和最临近的那个主语一致。

　　例如：Either you or he is to do the work. 不是你就是他来做这件事。

　　2.当there be结构后面有并列主语时，谓语也和最临近的那个一致。 如：There is a dictionary and many books on the table. 桌子上有一本词典和许多本书。

　　这种就近一致的情况在非正式文体中越来越普遍。但在下列情况不提倡模访。 如：Where is your mother and sisters 你妈妈和你姐妹到哪儿去了

　　3.做主语的名词或代词后接with，together with，along with，as well as等短语时，谓语动词一般和前面名词或代词一致。这些短语前后可用可不用逗号。 如：A woman with a baby is coming to the hospital 一个妇女抱着个婴儿正向医院走来。

　　拓展：名词做主语时的主谓一致原则

　　一、如果主语是不可数名词,动名词,不定式或从句的时候,谓语动词用单数.

　　Smoking is not a good habit.

　　To live happily needs a lot of things.

　　What I said is true.

　　二、如果由and连接的两个做主语的单数名词指的是同一个人或物的时候,用单数动词.

　　The singer and songwriter is dead.

　　The science and technology plays an important part in China.

　　Bread and butter(=buttered bread) is a good food for patients.

　　“War and Peace” is the best book I have ever read.

　　如果由and连接的两个或更多的主语之前有each, every, many a/an, no的时候用单数名词.

　　Every boy and girl in the class works very hard.

　　Each minute and second is valuable to us.

　　三、主语是单数, 后面跟有with, along with, together with,besides, as well as, but, except, no less than,rather than, more than, like, including, in addition to 的时候, 谓语动词用单数.

　　Jack with his family wants to go to China.

　　He, as well as you, is very honest.

　　No one but I is a student.

　　Her brother, together with his wife and children, was killed in the accident.

　　The father, rather than the brothers, is responsible.

　　四、由some, any, no, every构成的复合代词(sb,sth---)和each, either, neither, one, the other, another, little, a little, much, no one, nothing做主语的时候,谓语动词用单数.

　　Each of you is cleverer than me.

　　Neither student has passed the exam.

　　Is anybody here?

　　五、both, few, a few, several, many以及others做主语的时候,

　　永远用复数动词.

　　Several friends were invited to the party.

　　Both books are sold out.

　　六、all, none, any, some, more和most要是修饰单数名词,谓语动词用单数; 若是修饰复数名词,就用复数动词.

　　Most of the apple is bad.

　　Most of the apples are bad.

　　None of this money is yours.

　　None of the people here are teachers.

　　七、 由or连接的两个以上主语时,动词和最接近的主语一致.

　　You or he is wrong.

　　Are you or he wrong?

　　由either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also连接的两个以上主语时,动词和最近的主语一致.

　　Either he or you have to tell the truth.

　　Neither my brother nor his friends are over 18 years old.

　　Not only the basketball players but also the coach was very nervous.

　　八、若主语的复数名词表示的是”一段时间”, “一笔钱”, “一段距离”, “一个数量”, “一个面积”的时候用单数谓语动词.

　　Two weeks is to enough for me to finish it.

　　Five thousand dollars is too much.

　　Ten kilometers is too long for me to run.

　　九、people(人民), police, cattle(牛群)等常用复数动词. 有一些集体名词,如果表示的是整体就用单数动词, 如果表示的是其中的个体就用复数谓语动词.这样的词常见的有family, class, audience, public, team等等.

　　His family are all singers.

　　His family is very large.

　　十、关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，谓语动词与先行词一致。

　　Those who want to go please sign their names here.

　　十一、一些名词只有复数形式，如clothes, scissors, trousers, shorts, scales 等， 作主语时谓语用复数形式

　　The scales 天平 are mine.

　　但是成双的东西前面有a pair of 要用单数。

　　This pair of scissors belongs to the tailor.

　　十二、如果主语由“a kind of ( a series of ) 构成， 谓语一般用单数形式。

　　This kind of men is dangerous.

　　如果是多种，谓语动词要用复数。

　　There are many kinds of apples.

　　十三、算术式通常用单数。

　　十四、ics结尾的学科用单数谓语动词。

　　十五、书名，剧名，报纸名，国名的复数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数。

　　The united states is a capitalist country.

　　“ The Arabian Nights” is a very interesting story-book.

　　十六、“the+形容词（分词）“ 指人谓语动词用复数形式。指抽象谓语动词用单数。

　　The English speak English.

　　The new always beats the old.

　　十七、who, what, which, all,more, most some, any, none,

　　half, the rest, the remainder 等作主语要看各自的情况。

　　十八、one and a half 加复数名词作主语谓语动词用单数。

　　One and a half bananas is left on the table.