英语的定语从句总结

英语的定语从句总结

　　所谓定语从句，就是在复合句中起定语作用以修饰主句中的名词或代词的从句。下面是小编分享给大家的英语的定语从句总结，希望对大家有帮助。

　　英语的定语从句总结1

　　一、关系代词引导的定语从句

　　1、由who, whom, that，Whose引导的从句

　　这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，who作主语指人，whom作宾语指人，that既可作主语又可作宾语(作宾语可以省略)，可以指人也可以指物。Whose 用来指人或物，只用作定语。

　　(1) Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他是那个想见你的男人吗?(who/that在从句中作主语)

　　(2) He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。(whom/that在从句中作宾语)

　　(3) The man whom you spoke to just now is our English teacher 你刚刚说话的那个男人是我们的英语老师

　　(4) he man whose son is a doctor is our professor. 那个儿子是医生的男人是我们的教授。

　　2、由which, that引导的从句

　　它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等，作宾语时可以省略，例如：

　　(1) Prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。(which / that在从句中作主语)

　　(2) The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿那个包裹快要散开了。(which / that在从句中作宾语)

　　注意： 代表物时多用which，但在下列情况中用that而不用which：

　　a)先行词是anything, everything, nothing , none等不定代词时;

　　b)先行词由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等修饰时，这时的that常被省略;

　　c)先行词前有序数词或被形容词最高级修饰时;

　　d)先行词中既有人又有物时;

　　e)整个句中前面已有which，who,that时;

　　f)当先行词为物并作表语时;

　　g)先行词为one时;

　　h)先行词同时又被the only,the very,the same修饰时;

　　二、关系副词引导的定语从句

　　1、when指时间在定语从句中做时间状语也可做连接词用 I still remember the day when I first came to the school.

　　2、where指地点在定语从句中做地点状语 Shanghai is the city where I was born.

　　3、why指原因在定语从句中做原因状语 ，用在reason 后面。 Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.

　　常见考法

　　对于定语从句的考查，多以单选的形式考查学生灵活运用的能力。一般情况下，常从关系词的意义和功能的角度考查，重点是that,which,who引导的定语从句。

　　典型例题：Youre the only person ______Ive ever met ______could do it.

　　A. who B. whom C. whom D. who

　　解析：先行词person后有两个定语从句,第一个从句省略了关系代词whom.因为, whom作从句中met的宾语,可以省略.第二个从句who could do it.who在从句中作主语,不可省略.

　　答案：D

　　误区提醒

　　当表示时间或地点的名词作先行词时，要判断出它们在从句中作状语还是主语或宾语。作状语时用关系副词，反之用关系代词。

　　典型例题：I can never forget the day _______ we worked together and the day ______ we spent together.

　　A. when; which B. which; when C. what; that D. on which; when

　　解析：. 两个先行词the day都是表示时间的名词,但第一个空白处要填的关系词在从句中作状语,因此要用关系副词when. 第二个空白处要填的关系词在从句中作动词spent的宾语,因此要用关系代词which或that来引导定语从句.

　　答案：A

　　英语的定语从句总结2

　　(一)定语从句的结构：在复合句中，修饰某个名词或代词的句子(做这个名词或代词的定语)叫定语从句，定语从句一般放在被修饰的名词或代词后面，被修饰的名词或代词叫做定语从句的先行词，它与定语从句之间要有一个词连接，这个词指代先行词的内容叫做关系词(关系代词或关系副词：that, which, who, whose, when, where, why)。先行词在定语从句中充当主语，宾语，时间，地点，原因状语。

　　结构：先行词+关系词+定语从句。

　　1. There she saw a wall of water that was quickly advancing towards her.

　　2. In Japan, someone who sees another person making the gesture will think it means money.

　　3. A theme park is a collection of rides, exhibitions or other attractions that are based on a common theme.

　　4. The park has a conservation center that helps protect marine animals and their habitats in the rivers and coastal waters of Asia.

　　5. Visitors can go on exciting rides where they can feel what it is like to do the things they have seen their heroes do in the movie.

　　6. Oprah Winfrey is a black woman whose rise to fame is an inspiring story.

　　(二)定语从句分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句：

　　限定性定语从句：从句对先行词进行必要的描述或说明，缺少它，则句义显得不完整，从句与先行词紧密相连。

　　非限定性定语从句：对先行词进行补充说明，解释，它与先行词之间有逗号隔开。

　　1. Before she could move, she heard a loud noise, which grew to a terrible roar.

　　2. Tree after tree went down, cut down by the water, which must have been three meters deep.

　　3. Flora, whose beautiful hair and dress were all cold and wet, started crying.

　　4. Their talk includes rhythm and rhyming words as well as tongue twisters, which often make the audience applaud.

　　(三)关系词前面可以根据定语从句的内容加上一些介词，这些关系词在介词后面常用which 或whom.

　　1. There was a man with whom I would have to work together and finally the manager of the company.

　　2. Many people who saw the film were afraid to swim in the sea when they remembered the scenes in which people were eaten by the shark.

　　知识重点与难点

　　(一)当先行词有最高级，序数词修饰，是不定代词，或是all, no, only等形式时，关系代词一般用that，而不能用which。

　　1. The Titanic was the largest ship that had ever been built at that time.

　　2. There is one thing that keeps worrying me.

　　(二)当先行词是表示时间，地点，原因的词时，关系词用when, where, why 还有which, that

　　1. I'm very glad to return to my hometown where I had lived for 10 years.

　　2. This is my hometown which I used to talk about to you.

　　3. I think I can understand the reason why he didn't tell the truth to me.

　　4. No one believes the reason that he gave us about his absence at the meeting.

　　(三)定语从句的简化表达：

　　1. The man who is sitting on the platform is a professor from Wuhan University.

　　2. The letter that was mailed last night will reach him tomorrow.

　　3. The question that is being discussed is very important.

　　4. You are welcome to a party to be given in our class at 7:45.

　　说明：以上的定语从句部分可以用更加简单的非谓语形式表达出来：

　　1. The man sitting on the platform is a professor from Wuhan University.

　　2. The letter mailed last night will reach him tomorrow.

　　3. The question being discussed is very important.

　　4. You are welcome to a party to be given in our class at 7:45.

　　说明：修饰一个名词除了后面用定语从句以外，还可以用非谓语动词形式：doing短语，done短语，being done短语，to be done短语修饰。其结构和意思如下：

　　1. 被修饰名词+doing短语： 正在做….的人/正在发生的事。

　　2. 被修饰名词+ done短语： 被…..的人/事

　　3. 被修饰名词+being done短语：正在被…..的人/事

　　4. 被修饰名词+ to be done短语：将要被…..的人/事

　　(1)Do you know the man talking to my sister ?

　　(2)The "crazy" gesture, moving the index finger in a circle in front of the ear, means "you have a phone call" in Brazil.

　　(3)Did you see that car being repaired ?

　　(4)In a camera, the lens must be focused on the object to be photographed.

　　(5)The students to attend the meeting will arrive here tomorrow.

　　(6)Goods imported from abroad are not always better than those made in China.

　　(7)The Yellow River, said to be "the mother river" runs across China like a huge dragon.

　　总结：以上做定语的那些短语就是英语语法中所说的分词，不定式的各种形式作定语。

　　1. 这些短语作定语应放在被修饰名词的后面。如果单独一个V-ing或V-ed形式作定语，则可以放在被修饰名词前面。

　　2. 分词作定语时，其动作应与全句动作同时发生。V-ing表示主动意义和正在做，V-ed表示被动意义。being done表示正在被做的

　　3. 不定式作定语表示将要发生的，to be done表示将要被做的

　　英语的定语从句总结3

　　1.由关系代词 who, whom, whose, that, which; 关系副词 when, where, why 引导。

　　（下面十个句子请读5遍并脱口译出！）

　　e.g.1. The death notices tell us about people who have died during the week.

　　2. The man (whom) you spoke to just now is my friend.

　　3. The building whose lights are on is beautiful.

　　4. Please find a place which we can have a private talk in.

　　5. The knee is the joint where the thighbone meets the large bone of the lower leg.

　　6. He still remembers the day when he went to school.

　　7. It is no need telling us the reason why you didn't finish it in time.

　　8. He has three sons, two of whom died in the war.

　　9. Mr. Smith, whose wife is a clerk, teaches us English.

　　10. In the Sunday paper there are comics, which children enjoy.

　　2.只能用that和who引导的定语从句

　　A.all, nothing, anything, a few, one做先行词指物时

　　B.先行词前有形容词最高级修饰时，后面常跟that而不是which

　　C.先行词前有 the only, the first, the last, the next, the very等词修饰时，引导词只能用that

　　D.当先行词是 anyone, anybody, everyone, everybody, someone, somebody时，后面要用who或whom

　　e.g. All that glitters is not gold. 闪光的并非都是金子。

　　3.as 引导定语从句

　　A.引导限制性语从句。

　　在此类定语从句中，as常与主语中作为其先行词的such, the same或as联用构成，"such... as"，"the same... as"和"as ...as"句型，可代替先行词。

　　e.g. We hope to get such a tool as he is using. 我们希望得到他正在用的那种工具。

　　B.as 引导非限制性定语从句时，作用与which相同，as作为关系代词代替整个主句。

　　(这是语法考试的一个考点。)

　　注意区别：

　　as 引导的从句用于句首、句中或句后，而which引导的定语从句不能放在句首。

　　e.g. As is reported, a foreign delegation will visit the city.

　　据报道，一个外国代表团将访问这个城市。

　　英语的定语从句总结4

　　定语从句由关系代词who、whom、whose、which、what、as和关系副词where、when、why等引导，但须记住：

　　1.what不能引导定语从句.

　　2.关系词的分析须考虑它在定语从句中的成分。

　　一.指人的关系代词有who、whose、whom、that. 试分析：

　　The old man who/whom /that we visited yesterday is a famous artist.

　　Miss Wang is taking care of the child whose parents have gone to Beijing .

　　The man with whom my father shook hands just now is our headmaster. (=The man who/whom that my father shook hands with just now is our headmaster.)注：

　　A. 指人时有时只用who不宜用that。

　　1.先行词为one、ones或anyone

　　(1)The comrade I want to learn from is the one who studies hard and works hard.

　　(2)Anyone who breaks the law should be punished.

　　2.先行词为these时

　　These who are going to Beijing are the best students of our school.

　　3.在there be 开头的句子中

　　There is a student who wants to see you.

　　4.一个句子中带有两个定语从句，其中一个定语从句的关系代词是that，另一个宜用who，以免重复。

　　The student that won the first prize is the monitor who works hards.

　　5.在非限制性定语从句中

　　A。I met a friend of mine in the street, who had just come from Japan.

　　B.主句以who开头的句子中,只用that,不用who。

　　二.指物的关系代词有which、whose(=of which)、that. 试分析：

　　1. I like the books which / that were written by Lu Xun.

　　2. The desks (which/that) we made last year were very good.

　　3. This is the house in which we lived last year. (= This is the house which /that we lived in last year.)

　　4. I live in the room whose windows face south. (= I live in the room ,the windows of which face south.)

　　注：

　　A. 介词如果位于作为其宾语的关系代词之前时，只能用whom、 which不能用who或that.

　　(1). The girl about whom they were talking is our monitor.

　　(2). The book in which there are many interesting things was written by Li Ming.

　　B. 部分短语动词中的介词不可与动词拆开，在定语从句中其介词不可前置，只能放在其动词之后。

　　Is this the book which she is looking for?

　　The old man who/whom they are waiting for is Professor Li.

　　The child who/whom she is looking after is Wang Ping’s son.

　　C. 指物时，下列情况下只能用that ，不宜用which。

　　(1)先行词为不定代词，如All、much、anything、everything、nothing、something、none、the one等。

　　We are willing to do anything that is good to the people.

　　I have told them all (that) I know.

　　All that can be done has been done.

　　(2)先行词是序数词或被序数词、修饰时。

　　The first book that I read last night was an English novel.

　　(3)先行词是形容词最高级或被最高级修饰时。

　　This is one of the most interesting films that I have ever seen.

　　This is the best that can be done now.

　　(4)如果有两个或两个以上分别表示人和物的先行词时(先行词既有人又有物)，定语从句的关系代词用which和who都不合适，只能用that。

　　We know nothing about the doctors and the hospitals that you are talking about.

　　There are sheep and men that can be seen on the hill.

　　(5)如果先行词被the only、the very、the last、the same、any、 few 、little、no、 all 、one of、 just修饰时。

　　This is the only book that can be lent to you.

　　(6)当主句是以which开头的特殊问句时，关系代词只用that。

　　Which is the dictionary that he used yesterday ?

　　D.只物时，下列情况下只能用which，不宜用that。

　　(1)关系代词放在介词之后

　　This is the factory in which we once worked.

　　(2)非限制性定语从句中

　　This is the book, which is written by Lu Xun.

　　(3)that，Those作主语时

　　Those which are on the desk are English books.

　　E.先行词前有such、the same、 as时, 关系代词用as，不用that, 但the same…as…表示同样的, the same…that…表示同一的

　　He knows as many people as are present at the meeting.

　　Such people as you refer to are rare nowadays.

　　三.比较When/which、where /which、why.

　　which I still never forget.

　　This is the day when I joined the party.

　　which he spent reading the books.

　　where I found the book.

　　which makes machines.

　　This is the place which we once visited.

　　which I will never forget.

　　which I am looking for.

　　限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的.区别：

　　限制性定语从句

　　非限制性定语从句

　　All the students who study hard have passed.学习努力的学生都考试及格了。(只有努力的及格了，不努力的没及格。) All the students ,who study hard have passed.所有的学生都及格了，他们学习努力。(没有人不及格，这些学生都很努力。)

　　从句是先行词不可缺少的定语(如去掉，主句意思就不完整或不正确。) 从句是对先行词的附加说明(如去掉，主句意思仍清楚，不受影响。) 与主句关系密切，不用逗号 与主句关系不十分密切，用逗号与主句隔开译为汉语时，从句译在先行词前，与先行词用“的”连接 译为汉语时，从句放在主句后面关系代词that可以代替who、whom(指人)、which(指物) 关系代词不用that,只用who、whom(指人)、which(指物) 关系代词代替宾语时可以省略 关系代词不能省略关系代词as和which

　　先研究下面两个例句：

　　○1.This elephant is like a snake, as /which everybody can see. =As everybody can see, this elephant is like a snake. 任何人都看得出来，这头象像条蛇。

　　○2.Tom didn’t pass the physics exam, which made his parents very angry. Tom物理考试不及格，这使得他父亲很生气。

　　这两个例句中，as和which所代表的都是整个主句所表示的内容。但有两点不同之处：

　　1. 在形式上as引导的非限制性定语从句可位于主句的后面，也可位于主句的前面;而which引导的非限制性定语从句只能位于主句的后面，不能位于主句的前面。

　　2. 在意义上，as引导的定语从句和主句的关系一般为一致关系，常译为“正如……”，“就像……”，而which引导的定语从句和主句的关系是因果关系，或which引导的定语从句是对主句的评论。因此，在意思通顺的情况下，which可代替as，而as许多时候不能代替which，如句○2。再如：

　　1.He was late again, as / which we had expected. =As we had expected, he was late again. 正如我们所料，他又迟到了。/他又迟到了这是我们早就料到的。

　　2. The street hasn’t been cleared for weeks, which makes it very dirty. 街道好多星期没有打扫了，因此整条街很脏。(不用as)

　　3.The young man cheated his friend of much money, which was disgraceful. 那年轻人诈骗了他朋友许多钱财，这是不光彩的。(不 用as)

　　4.He takes exercise everyday, which has done a lot of good to his health. 他每天运动，这对他的身体很有好处。(不用as)

　　5.As has already been pointed out, English is rather difficult for a foreigner. 正如已经指出的那样，英语对于初学者说，是相当难学的。在such…as…、the same…as…、 as…、 as many…/much as…等结构中,as不能用which代替。如：

　　1.Such books as this are too difficult for beginners. 这样的书对于初学的人来说是太难了。

　　=Books such as this are …

　　=Books like this are …

　　2.I live in the same building as he (does). 我和他住再同一座大楼里。

　　3.He knows as many people as are present at the meeting. 他认识所有到会的人。

　　4.That day we all got up early as usual. 那天我们和平时一样，都起得很早。

　　“One of the +复数名词”后面定语从句中谓语单复数情况

　　这一结构后面的定语从句的谓语动词通常用复数形式，跟定语从句所*近的那个复数名词在数上保持一致。如：

　　1. That is one of the books that are required for study at school.

　　2. This is one of the most wonderful novels that have been published since 1990.

　　3. She is one of the few persons who know Spanish .

　　4. This is one of the most famous plays that were written in the thirties,

　　如果one of +复数名词这一结构前面带有the only、the very之类的限定语，后面定语从句的谓语动词则要用单数形式，这是因为定语从句在意义上修饰的是而不是那个复数名词。如：

　　1.He is the only one of the teachers who knows French in our school.( 修饰the only one)

　　He is one of the teachers who know French in our school.( 修饰the teachers)

　　2.This is the only one of the rooms that is free now. (修饰the only one)

　　This is one of the rooms that are free now. (修饰rooms)

　　as与which引导的定语从句

　　两者均可引导非限制性定语从句，有时可以互换，但下列情况多用as。

　　1. 关系代词引导的定语从句居句首时。 As we all know, the earth is round.

　　2. 当与such或the same连用时，一般用as。 Such books as you tell me are interesting. I have the same plan as you.

　　3. 当从句和主句语义一致时，用as，反之则用which。 She has married again, as was expected. She has married again, which was unexpected.

　　4. as在从句中作主语时，后面常接行为动词的被动语态，如be known，be said，be reported等，如从句中行为动词是主动语态，一般要用which作主语。

　　She has been late again, as was expected.

　　Tom has made great progress, which made us happy.

　　英语的定语从句总结5

　　一．几个基本概念1.定语从句的定义：用作定语的从句叫定语从句。

　　2.先行词：被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。

　　3.定语从句的位置：紧跟先行词（名词或代词）之后。

　　4.引导词：引导定语从句的词（包括关系代词和关系副词）。

　　（1）关系代词：that/who/whom/which/as

　　（2）关系副词：when/where/why

　　5.引导词的位置：位于定语从句之前（先行词之后）。【as除外】

　　6.引导词的功能（作用）：

　　（1）连接先行词和定语从句。

　　（2）在定语从句中充当一定的成分（关系代词充当主语或宾语，关系副词充当状语）。

　　7.定语从句的类型：

　　（1）限定性定语从句（主句和定语从句之间无逗号）。

　　① 直接由引导词引导定语从句

　　The man who you’re talking to is my friend.

　　② 由介词+关系代词（whom/which）引导

　　The man to whom you’re talking is my friend.

　　I need a pen with which I can write a letter.

　　=I need a piece of paper on which I can write a letter.

　　介词的选用可根据从句中的相关词组确定，该介词通常可以放在关系代词之前，也可放在从句之尾。例如：

　　The man (who/whom/that) I talked about at the meeting is from Beijing University.

　　=The man about whom I talked at the meeting is from Beijing University.

　　The palace (which/that) I often pay a visit to was built in the 17th century.

　　=The palace to which I often pay a visit was built in the 17th century.

　　（2）非限定性定语从句（主句和定语从句之间用逗号隔开）。

　　① 直接由引导词引导定语从句。

　　② 由介词+关系代词（whom/which）引导。

　　I live in a house far away from the city, in front of which is a big tree.

　　There is an apple tree standing at the gate, on which are many apples.

　　This is the man to whom I gave the book.

　　③ 由“代词/名词+of+whom/which”或“of which/ whom +名词/代词”(先行词指人用whom,指物用which)引导。One, some, any, none, all, both, several, many, most, neither, either等词、数词、分数或百分比与of whom或of which连用。

　　He has five children, two of whom are abroad.

　　(比较：He has five children, and two of them are abroad.)

　　We have three books, none of which is/are interesting.

　　(比较：We have three books, but none of them is/are interesting.)

　　除why和that不能引导非限定性定语从句外，其余引导词都可以，用法同限定性定语从句一样。但要注意以下区别。

　　1.在形式上非限定性定语从句与主句有逗号隔开。

　　2.非限定性定语从句的作用：它只是补充说明先行词的情况，翻译时可译成两个句子。

　　The engineer, whose leg was badly hurt, was quickly sent to hospital.

　　（那位工程师被很快送往医院，其腿部受了重伤）

　　The engineer whose leg was badly hurt was quickly sent to hospital.

　　（那位腿部受了重伤的工程师被很快送往医院）

　　3.在非限定性定语从句中，任何引导词都不能省略（包括引导词在此定语从句中充当宾语在内）。指人做主语时只能用who, 做宾语时用whom;

　　指物做主语，宾语都用which; 关系副词用when或where，也不能省略。

　　The man, ______ is sitting on the chair, is my father.

　　The woman, _______ I met yesterday, is my English teacher.

　　The city, _______ is far away, is very beautiful.

　　He went to America, ______ his parents live.

　　He joined the Army yesterday, ______ I left, too.

　　4.whose引导非限定性定语从句：

　　The house, whose window faces south, is mine.

　　=The house, the window of which faces south, is mine.

　　＝The house, of which the window faces south, is mine.

　　二.定语从句中关系代词和关系副词的基本用法

　　1.who/that指人是主格在定语从句中代替先行词，又作定语从句的主语，不能省略。

　　Do you know the gentleman who/that is sitting there?

　　2.whom/who/that指人是宾格，在定语从句中代替先行词，又作定语从句的宾语（动宾或介宾）。

　　① 当作动宾（动词后接宾语）时，关系代词可省略。

　　Do you know the gentleman (whom/who/that) we met just now?

　　② 当作介宾（介词后接宾语）时：

　　介词不提前时，关系代词可省略；

　　介词提前时，关系代词不可省，即介词＋whom(指人时介词后的关系代词只能用whom)。

　　The man (whom/who/that) I spoke with is my teacher.

　　The man with whom I spoke is my teacher.

　　※注：固定的动词短语（动词+介词）如look for, take care of等不能把动词与介词拆开，既介词不能提至引导词前。

　　She is the right girl (who/whom/that) we are looking for.

　　3.whose: 指人或物，是所有格“…的”形式。Whose+n.一起在定语从句中充当主语、宾语（动宾或介宾）即先行词的什么东西怎样了，whose不能省略。。Whose+n. = the +n. + of which/whom= of which/ whom+ the =n.

　　I didn’t find the desk whose leg was broken. （主语）

　　He is the student whose pencil I broke yesterday. （动宾）

　　The boss in whose company I work is very kind. （介宾）

　　4.which/that 指物，指代先行词且在定语从句中作主语或宾语（动宾或介宾）。

　　① 当作动宾时，关系代词可省略。

　　② 当作介宾时：

　　介词不提前时，关系代词可省略；

　　介词提前时，关系代词不可省，即介词＋which(指物时介词后的关系代词只能用which)。

　　The house which/that was destroyed in the earthquake is weak.

　　The pen (which/that) you found yesterday is mine.

　　The games (that/which) the young men competed in were difficult.

　　The games in which the young men competed were difficult.

　　※注:介词+关系代词即介词+whom/which(先行词指人用whom，指物用which)。

　　※5.as指人或物，在定语从句中可作主语，宾语，表语或状语，不能省略。主要用于 “the same …as…；such …as…；so …as…；as … as…；as follows”固定结构中，形式固定此时的引导限定性定语从句。要用as代替who(m), which, 或that引导定语从句：

　　Such people as knew Hill thought he was honest.

　　Such people as Hill knew thought he was honest.

　　My hometown is no longer the same as it was.

　　Here is so big a stone as no one can lift.

　　The child knows as much as grow-ups (know).

　　I’d like to have the same books as are used in your school.

　　He is not such a person as I expected.

　　He will marry as pretty a girl as he can find.

　　英语的定语从句总结6

　　关系

　　代词指代例句

　　who指人,宠物,This is the man who helped me.

　　whose所有格,

　　指人,物This is the boss whose name is Michael.

　　whom宾语, 指人The doctor whom you are looking for

　　is in the room.

　　that人,物,

　　主语或动宾This is the boy that broke the window.

　　which人,物,The building which is in front of you

　　主语或介宾 is our school.

　　I am going to drop out school, （非限）

　　which makes my parents worried.

　　关系

　　副词

　　when从句时间Do you remember the day

　　when he came to see you?难点Is Sheba the dog who was killed last year? (指代动物)This is the boss in whose company my farther is working now. (复杂结构)whose = the…of which (P314)There was no one to whom I can turn for help.(复杂结构)of whom (其中) most of whom, none of whom…He is the only person that I want to talk to. (不用which) (P315)作表语: He is no longer the man that he used to be.of which (其中) most of which, none of whichin which case / during which time / at which time 引导从句It was in 1979 that he was elected Chairman.It was 1979 when he was elected Chairman of our club.

　　I bought the book 2 years ago, since when I have used no others.

　　Cases are introduced to you

　　where从句地点why

　　特殊

　　as限制性

　　定语从句

　　非限制性

　　定语从句You have reached the point where a change is needed.Tell me the reason why you are late.the same…as (P320)such…as They use such simple words as can be understood by us.as…as (P320)(正如) as is mentioned above as has been reported before

　　as is often the case as is known to all where you can employ this law.(condition, circumstances, system, example…)I am going to Shanghai where lives my aunt. (从句倒装)I climbed to the top of the mountain, from where I could see thewhole city.先行词只有reasonCan you repeat the reason that you gave yesterday?They use such simple words that we can understand them.(状语从句中，that不担任成分,不可以省略)可以位于句首, 与主语从句区分It is known to all that… (形式主语)As is known to all, (定语从句)What is known to all is that (主语从句)