六月英语四级阅读备考：真题长难句解析

六月英语四级阅读备考：真题长难句解析

　　96.

　　As a physician who travels quite a lot, I spend a lot of time on planes listening for that dreaded “Is there a doctor on board?” announcement. (2005年12月)

　　【分析】本句为复合句。句子主干为I spend a lot time。介词as意为“作为，当作”，后接名词作状语。 who 引导定语从句，修饰 physician，who在从句中作主语。“Is there a doctor on board?”是 announcement 的定语，说明具体内容。

　　【译文】作为一名医生，我去过不少地方，在飞机上我多次听过令人担忧的“哪位乘客是医生?”的通知。

　　97.

　　Facing their children’s complaints of “nothing to do”, parents were shelling out large numbers of dollars for various forms of entertainment. (2005年12月)

　　【分析】本句为简单句。句子主干为 parents were shelling out dollars。facing their children’s complaints of “nothing to do”是现在分词短语作原因状语。

　　【译文】面对孩子们“无事可做”的抱怨，家长们不惜大把掏钱，让孩子们参加各种各样的娱乐活动。

　　98.

　　In communities north of Denver, residents are pitching in to help teachers and administrators as the Vrain School District tries to solve a $13.8 million budget shortage blamed on mismanagement. (2005年12月)

　　【分析】本句为复合句。主句为residents are pitching in to help teachers and administrators。as 引导时间状语从句，译作“当……时候”。blamed on mismanagement 是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰 shortage。

　　【译文】当 Vrain 校区设法解决因管理不善而造成的1380万美元预算短缺的时候，多佛市北部社区的居民们都赶来热心地帮助学校教师和行政人员。

　　99.

　　“Humans should not try to avoid stress any more than they would shun food, love or exercise，” said Dr. Hans Selye, the first physician to document the effects of stress on the body. (2005年12月)

　　【分析】本句为复合句。主句为“Humans should not…love or exercise,” said Dr. Hans Selye。not… any more than 意为“和……一样不。than they would shun food, love or exercise 是比较状语从句。the first physician to…stress on the body是Dr. Hans Selye的同位语。

　　【译文】Hans Selye 医生说：“就像不躲避食物、爱情或锻炼一样，人们也不应该力图躲避压力，”他是第一位将压力对人体的影响记录下来的医生。

　　100.

　　In a 2001 study of 158 hospital nurses, those who faced considerable work demands but coped with the challenge were more likely to say they were in good health than those who felt they couldn’t get the job done. (2005年12月)

　　【分析】本句为复合句。句子主干为 those were more likely to say… than those。两个 who都引导定语从句，都修饰 those，但两个 those 指代的内容并不一样。they were in good health 是 say 的宾语。more likely…than 构成比较状语结构, 意为“比……更有可能”。than引导比较状语从句，省略从句谓语。

　　【译文】2001年对158名护士进行的一项研究指出，那些工作量大却能应对挑战的护士比那些认为自己无法完成任务的护士更容易感到自己身体状况良好。

　　2016年6月英语四级阅读备考：真题长难句解析(16)

　　76.

　　It starts in the Pacific Ocean and is thought to be caused by a failure in the trade winds(信风), which affects the ocean currents driven by these winds. (2006年6月)

　　【分析】本句为并列复合句。主句为It starts in the Pacific Ocean and is thought to be caused by…winds。which 引导非限制性定语从句，修饰 failure。过去分词短语driven by these winds是the ocean currents的后置定语。

　　【译文】这种现象首先出现在太平洋，并且被认为是由于信风引起的，信风会对洋流产生影响。

　　77.

　　A government study recommended a national highway system of 33,920 miles, and Congress soon passed the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1944, which called strict, centrally controlled design criteria. (2006年6月)

　　【分析】本句为并列复合句。主句为A government study recommended…, and Congress soon passed the…Act of 1944。 which 引导非限制性定语从句，修饰 Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1944。

　　【译文】一份政府研究报告建议在全国范围建设总长33920英里的公路，国会很快就通过了1944年联邦支持公路的法案，这项法案规定了严格的中央控制的设计标准。

　　78.

　　Traffic control systems and methods of construction developed under the interstate program soon influenced highway construction around the world, and were invaluable in improving the condition of urban streets and traffic patterns. (2006年6月)

　　【分析】本句为简单句。句子主干为 system and methods influenced construction and were invaluable。第二个and连接两个并列谓语。developed under the interstate program 是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰 systems和methods。

　　【译文】在州际公路项目下发展的交通控制系统以及建筑方式很快影响到了世界范围公路的建设，并为改善城市街道和交通模式起到了重要作用。

　　79.

　　By opening the North American continent, highways have enabled consumer goods and services to reach people in remote and rural areas of the country, spurred the growth of suburbs, and provided people with greater options in terms of jobs, access to cultural programs, health care, and other benefits. (2006年6月)

　　【分析】本句为简单句。句子主干为highways have enabled…to reach people, spurred the growth, and provided people with options。By opening the North American continent 是方式状语。

　　【译文】通过开通北美洲路线，公路使得消费品和服务能够到达住在边远地区和农村地区的人们那里，刺激周边地区经济发展，为人们提供更多选择，如工作、文化活动、保健及其他福利。

　　80.

　　The technological advances made it possible for the middle classes to enjoy what had once been affordable only to the very rich. (2006年6月)

　　【分析】本句为复合句。句子主干为technological advances made it possible to enjoy…。it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是to enjoy what had once been affordable only to the very rich。what 引导的从句作enjoy的宾语。possible 是made的宾语补足语。

　　【译文】技术上的进步使中产阶级也能享受到那些原来只有有钱人才负担得起的东西。

　　2016年6月英语四级阅读备考：真题长难句解析(15)

　　71.

　　His results, to be presented at the conference on human-computer interaction in Vienna, Austria, in April, have surprised psychologists. (2006年6月)

　　【分析】本句为简单句。句子主干为 results have surprised psychologists。to be presented…in April 是不定式短语作定语，修饰 results。

　　【译文】他的研究结果令一些心理学家非常吃惊，他将在四月份奥地利维也纳举行的人机互动交流大会上为大家展现。

　　72.

　　And economics, with its emphasis on incentives，provides guideposts that point to an explanation for why so many girls are deprived of an education. (2006年6月)

　　【分析】本句为复合句。句子主干为economics provides guideposts。介词短语 with its emphasis on incentives 是 economics 的伴随状语，分隔了主句的主语和谓语。that引导定语从句，修饰 guideposts。why引导宾语从句，作 explanation for 的宾语。

　　【译文】因为本身强调激励作用，经济学对于大多数女孩被剥夺受教育权利的原因作出了解释。

　　73.

　　Many in-home jobs that used to be done primarily by women — ranging from family shopping to preparing meals to doing voluntary work — still need to be done by someone. (2006年12月)

　　【分析】 本句为复合句。句子主干为 jobs need to be done。 that 引导定语从句，修饰 jobs。 ranging from…to…voluntary work 是现在分词短语作定语，也修饰 jobs。

　　【译文】许多过去主要由妇女做的家务活，例如购物、准备晚饭、做义务家务，现在仍然需要有人完成。

　　74.

　　In fact, New York’s municipal water for more than a century was called the champagne of tap water and until recently considered among the best in the world in terms of both taste and purity. (2006年12月)

　　【分析】本句为简单句。句子主干为 water was called the champagne and considered the best。 for more than a century 是时间状语。

　　【译文】实际上一个多世纪以来，纽约的市政水一直被称为自来水中的香槟，而且直到现在也被认为是世界上味道最好、最纯净的水。

　　75.

　　Girls are thus seen as less valuable than boys and are kept at home to do housework while their brothers are sent to school — the prophecy(预言) becomes self-fulfilling, trapping women in a vicious circle(恶性循环) of neglect. (2006年6月)

　　【分析】本句为复合句。主句是破折号后的内容，前面则是prophecy的同位语从句。该从句包含一个while引导的比较状语从句，其中又嵌套一个than引导的比较状语从句，省略了从句谓语。trapping是现在分词短语作伴随状语。

　　【译文】所以，与男孩相比，女孩被认为没有用处而只能待在家里做家务，而她们的兄弟却被送去读书——这样的预言正如预期的那样成为了现实，使女性陷入被忽视的恶性循环。

　　2016年6月英语四级阅读备考：真题长难句解析(14)

　　66.

　　Interest in pursuing international careers has soared in recent years, enhanced by chronic(长久的) personnel shortages that are causing companies to search beyond their home borders for talent. (2006年6月)

　　【分析】本句为复合句。句子主干为 Interest has soared。过去分词 enhanced 作定语，修饰 Interest，表示被动。that 引导定语从句，修饰 shortages。

　　【译文】近几年来，由于长时间的人员紧缺，许多公司都跨出国界寻求人才，从而使得人们到海外寻求工作的热情和兴趣日益高涨。

　　67.

　　Variables included the slope of the land, the ability of the pavement to support the load, the intensity of road use and the nature of the underlying soil. (2006年6月)

　　【分析】本句是简单句。句子主干为 Variables included…。并列结构 the slope of the land, the ability of the pavement to support the load, the intensity of road use和 the nature of the underlying soil是included 的宾语。

　　【译文】变数包括土地的坡度、人行道所能支撑的承受力、道路使用密集度以及下方土地的性质。

　　68.

　　Long-span, segmented-concrete, cable-stayed bridges such as Hale Boggs in Louisiana and the Sunshine Skyway in Florida, and remarkable tunnels like Fort McHenry in Maryland and Mt. Baker in Washington, met many of the nation’s physical challenges. (2006年6月)

　　【分析】本句为简单句。句子主干为 Bridges and tunnels met challenges。long-span, segmented-concrete和 cable-stayed是三个并列的合成形容词作bridges的定语。such as和like表示举例说明。

　　【译文】跨度大、混凝土分割、电缆遍布的大桥，如路易斯安那州的黑尔伯格，佛罗里达州的阳光大道；还有著名的隧道，如马里兰州的福特马克亨利，华盛顿州的贝克山，这些建筑的'建设都遇到了许多国内自然条件的挑战。

　　69.

　　Not only has the highway system affected the American economy by providing shipping routes, it has led to the growth of spin-off industries like service stations, motels, restaurants, and shopping centers. (2006年6月)

　　【分析】本句为并列句。句子主干为Not only has the highway system affected the economy, it has led to the growth。not only…but also 句型属并列结构，意为“不仅……而且”，but also 可以省略。 not only 在句首，句子谓语要用部分倒装语序。

　　【译文】公路系统不但通过提供运输路线影响美国经济的发展，还带动了一批诸如加油站、汽车旅馆、酒店、购物中心等相关行业的发展。

　　70.

　　An educated mother, on the other hand, has greater earning abilities outside the home and faces an entirely different set of choices. (2006年6月)

　　【分析】 本句为简单句。句子主干为mother has abilities and faces choices。on the other hand是插入结构，分隔了主语和谓语，意为“另一方面”。

　　【译文】从另一方面来讲，一位受过教育的母亲，有更多在外赚钱的本事，并且能面对一系列完全不同的选择。

　　2016年6月英语四级阅读备考：真题长难句解析(13)

　　61.

　　When we designed America’s first so-called “green” office building in New York two decades ago, we felt very alone. (2006年6月)

　　【分析】本句为复合句。主句为 we felt very alone。when 引导时间状语从句。

　　【译文】二十年前，在纽约设计美国第一个所谓的“绿色”办公大楼时，我们感到势单力薄。

　　62.

　　The “energy-efficient” sealed commercial buildings constructed after the 1970s energy crisis revealed indoor air quality problems caused by materials such as paint, wall covering and carpet. (2006年6月)

　　【分析】本句为简单句。句子主干为 buildings revealed problems。过去分词短语 constructed after the 1970s energy crisis 作后置定语，修饰buildings；caused by materials 作后置定语，修饰 problems。注意，过去分词作后置定语，相当于一个定语从句。

　　【译文】20世纪70年代能源危机后建造的节能型封闭性商业建筑暴露出由油漆、墙纸和地毯等材料引起的室内空气质量问题。

　　63.

　　So for 20 years, we’ve been focusing on these materials down to the molecules, looking for ways to make them safe for people and the planet. (2006年6月)

　　【分析】本句为简单句。句子主干为 we’ve been focusing on these materials。looking for ways to make them safe for people and the planet 是现在分词短语作目的状语。

　　【译文】因此，二十年来，我们集中研究这些材料，直至分子层面，以寻求方法使它们于人体和地球无害。

　　64.

　　“As sleep-deprived people ourselves, we started thinking of what to do about it,” says Eric Shashoua, a recent college graduate and now chief executive officer of Axon Sleep Research Laboratories, a company created by the students to develop their idea. (2006年6月)

　　【分析】本句为简单句。句子主干为“As sleep-deprived people ourselves, we started thinking of what to do about it,” says Eric Shashoua。介词as意为“作为，当作”，后接名词作状语。what to do about it 作 of 的宾语。a recent college graduate and…Research Laboratories 是 Eric Shashoua 的同位语；a company created by the students to develop their idea是Axon Sleep Research Laboratories的同位语。过去分词短语created by the students to develop their idea 作后置定语，修饰 company。

　　【译文】“我们自己作为失眠的人，开始思考做些什么来消除失眠，” Eric Shashoua 说。Eric 为应届大学毕业生，现任由学生们为发展自己的理念而创办的一家公司即Axon睡眠研究实验室的首席执行官。

　　65.

　　The headband equipped with electrodes and microprocessor measures the electrical activity of the wearer’s brain, in much the same way as some machines used for medical and research purposes and communicates wirelessly with a clock unit near the bed. (2006年6月)

　　【分析】 本句为并列句。句子主干为The headband measures the electrical activity and communicates with a clock unit。过去分词短语equipped with electrodes and microprocessor作定语，修饰headband。in much the same way…purposes是方式状语。used for…purposes是后置定语，修饰machines。

　　【译文】 装有电极和微处理器的头带与应用于医学和研究目的的一些机器原理相近，测量佩戴者脑部电流活动并将信息通过无线网络传达给床边的闹钟。

　　2016年6月英语四级阅读备考：真题长难句解析(12)

　　56.

　　Ultimately, however, our basic design strategy is focused not simply on being “less bad” but on creating completely healthful materials that can be either safely returned to the soil or reused by industry again and again. (2006年6月)

　　【分析】本句为复合句。句子主干为our basic design strategy is focused not on being “less bad” but on creating healthful materials。that引导定语从句，修饰materials。however 意为“然而”，是插入成分。not…but…意为“不是……而是……”，连接两个介词短语。either…or…意为“或者……或者……”，表示并列结构。

　　【译文】然而最终，我们的基本设计目标不仅是简单地关注于“较低危害”，而是发明完全有益于健康的材料，这种材料或可以无害地回归土地，或可以被工业重复利用。

　　57.

　　As you sleep you pass through a sequence of sleep states — light sleep, deep sleep and REM (rapid eye movement) sleep — that repeats approximately every 90 minutes. (2006年6月)

　　【分析】本句为复合句。主句主干为you pass through a sequence of sleep states。as引导时间状语从句，表示“当……时”。that引导非限制性定语从句，修饰a sequence of sleep states，that在从句中作主语。light sleep, deep sleep and REM (rapid eye movement) sleep 是插入成分，具体说明 states 的内容。

　　【译文】人们睡觉时经历了一连串的睡眠阶段——浅度睡眠阶段，深度睡眠阶段，快速眼动睡眠阶段——大约每90分钟重复一次。

　　58.

　　You program the clock with the latest time at which you want to be wakened, and it then duly(适时地) wakes you during the last light sleep phase before that. (2006年6月)

　　【分析】本句为并列复合句。句子主干为You program the clock, and it wakes you。at which 引导定语从句，修饰 time，which 在从句中作时间状语，at+时间是固定搭配，所以 which 之前加介词 at，表示在某一具体时间点。句末的 that 指代 the latest time。

　　【译文】将闹钟调好至你想起床的时间，它便会适时地在之前的最后一个浅眠期将你叫醒。

　　59.

　　Home builders can now use materials — such as paints that release significantly reduced amounts of organic compounds — that don’t destroy the quality of the air, water, or soil. (2006年6月)

　　【分析】本句为复合句。主句为Home builders can now use materials。such as… compounds是举例说明，作插入语。第一个 that 引导定语从句，修饰 paints;第二个 that 引导定语从句，修饰 materials。

　　【译文】房屋建造者们现在可以使用不破坏空气、水或土壤的材料，如释放少量有机物的涂料。

　　60.

　　We’re giving people high-quality, healthful products and an opportunity to make choices that have a beneficial effect on the world. (2006年6月)

　　【分析】本句为复合句。主句为We’re giving people high-quality, healthful products and an opportunity to make choices。that 引导定语从句，修饰 choices，that 在从句中作主语。to make choices 作 opportunity 的定语。

　　【译文】我们提供高质量和健康的产品，提供做选择的机会，他们可以选择对世界有益的产品。