河北高考试卷

河北高考试卷

　　在各领域中，我们或多或少都会接触到试卷，在各领域中，只要有考核要求，就会有试卷，试卷是命题者按照一定的考核目的编写出来的。你知道什么样的试卷才是好试卷吗？以下是小编帮大家整理的河北高考试卷，仅供参考，欢迎大家阅读。

　　2024年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（新课标Ⅰ卷）

　　语 文

　　（适用省份：山东、河北、湖北、福建、湖南、广东、江苏，浙江）

　　一、现代文阅读（35分）

　　（一）现代文阅读1（本题共5小题，19分）

　　阅读下列文字，完成下面小题。

　　材料一：

　　（四五）中国由劣势到平衡到优势，日本由优势到平衡到劣势，中国由防御到相持到反攻，日本由进攻到保守到退却——这就是中日战争的过程，中日战争的必然趋势。

　　（四六）于是问题和结论是：中国会亡吗？答复：不会亡，最后胜利是中国的。中国能够速胜吗？答复：不能速胜，必须是持久战。这个结论是正确的吗？我以为是正确的。

　　（四七）讲到这里，亡国论和妥协论者又将跑出来说：中国由劣势到平衡，需要有同日本相等的军力和经济力；由平衡到优势，需要有超过日本的军力和经济力；然而这是不可能的，因此上述结论是不正确的。

　　（四八）这就是所谓“唯武器论”，是战争问题中的机械论，是主观地和片面地看问题的意见。我们的意见与此相反，不但看到武器，而且看到人力。武器是战争的重要的因素，但不是决定的因素，决定的因素是人不是物。

　　力量对比不但是军力和经济力的对比，而且是人力和人心的对比。军力和经济力是要人去掌握的。如果中国人的大多数、日本人的大多数、世界各国人的大多数是站在抗日战争方面的话，那末，日本少数人强制地掌握着的军力和经济力，还能算是优势吗？它不是优势，那么，掌握比较劣势的军力和经济力的中国，不就成了优势吗？没有疑义，中国只要坚持抗战和坚持统一战线，其军力和经济力是能够逐渐地加强的。而我们的敌人，经过长期战争和内外矛盾的削弱，其军力和经济力又必然要起相反的变化。在这种情况下，难道中国也不能变成优势吗？还不止此，目前我们不能把别国的军力和经济力大量地公开地算作自己方面的力量，难道将来也不能吗？如果日本的敌人不止中国一个，如果将来有一国或几国以其相当大量的军力和经济力公开地防御或攻击日本，公开地援助我们，那末，优势不更在我们一方面吗？日本是小国，其战争是退步的和野蛮的，其国际地位将益处于孤立；中国是大国，其战争是进步的和正义的，其国际地位将益处于多助。所有这些，经过长期发展，难道还不能使敌我优劣的形势确定地发生变化吗？

　　（摘自毛泽东《论持久战》）

　　材料二：

　　1938年5月，毛泽东发表著名的《论持久战》，系统阐述了关于持久战的战略思想。

　　首先，毛泽东分析了中国实施持久战的外部原因。他说：“中日战争不是任何别的战争，乃是半殖民地半封建的中国和帝国主义的日本之间在二十世纪三十年代进行的一个决死的战争。”他列举了中日双方“互相反对”的四个特点。除战争的正义、非正义，以及与此相关的寡助、多助问题外，他特别强调了敌强我弱和敌小我大的问题。日本的强，表现在它的军力、经济力和政治组织力，这就决定了中国的抗日战争不能很快取得胜利。日本的小，表现在国度小，其人力、军力、财力、物力均经不起长期战争的消耗，这就决定了中国可以通过持久战而最终打败日本。

　　其次，毛泽东分析了中国实施持久战的内部条件。这个条件是什么？简单地说，就是把已经发动的抗战发展为全面的全民族的抗战。毛泽东以“兵民是胜利之本”为标题，专门论述了全面抗战和全民族抗战的观点。关于军队，他强调要把政治精神贯注于军队之中，这样才能激发官兵最大限度的抗战热忱。关于民众，他提出“战争的伟力之最深厚的根源，存在于民众之中”。共产党一直把“放手发动群众，壮大人民力量”作为自己的抗战路线，人民战争理论的科学性也得到了广泛印证。

　　以毛泽东为首的中国共产党人，不仅提出了抗日持久战战略，而且具体阐释了实施抗日持久战的方法。毛泽东指出，在中国大而弱、日本小而强的情况下敌人可以占地甚广，却在占领地留下很多空虚的地方，“因此抗日游击战争就主要地不是在内线配合正规军的战役作战，而是在外线单独作战”。毛泽东还具体分析了游击战的战略内容、游击战与正规战的配合等问题。在这一思想指导下，共产党领导的军队在敌后广泛展开游击战争，卓有成效地牵制与消耗日军，发挥了巨大战略作用。

　　有一种说法，认为抗日持久战的思想不是毛泽东最早提出的。这种说法主要依据蒋百里、陈诚等人的言论，蒋介石也有过“持久消耗战”的言论。这种认识都源于一个客观存在，即中国是一个落后大国，日本是一个先进小国。承认这个客观存在的人，并不需要特别的先见之明，就会得出中日战争将是持久战的结论。

　　但是，仅仅看到由客观条件造成的抗日战争的持久性，还远远不是抗日持久战的战略思想。蒋介石等人缺乏对中国与世界关系以及世界格局演变的辩证思考，因此他们对所谓“持久”的把握往往脱离实际，盲目地寄希望于西方国家的调停或干预。而中国共产党的持久战思想，是建立在对与战争相关的一切外部与内部复杂因素进行深刻分析的基础之上的，对于战争不同阶段的关系、战略持久与战役速决的关系等，都有完整的科学分析。因此它的持久战战略，既不会因为一时顺利而幻想“速胜”，也不会因为一时挫折而失去必胜的信心。

　　（摘编自荣维木《中国共产党抗日持久战的战略与实践》）

　　1. 下列对材料相关内容的理解和分析，不正确的一项是（ ）

　　A. 《论持久战》在分析抗战走势时，并未局限于中日两国，而是展现出对世界整体局势变化的'宏观把握。

　　B. 落后大国面对先进小国的侵略，不可能速胜，必然要经历由劣势到平衡、由平衡到优势的持久战争过程。

　　C. “不但看到武器，而且看到人力”，指在承认军力和经济力差距的前提下，相信人力和人心才是胜利之本。

　　D. 中国共产党抗日持久战思想不只体现在判断抗战将会长久，更体现在对战争走向作出了全面科学的分析。

　　2. 根据材料内容，下列说法不正确的一项是（ ）

　　A. 日本军力和经济力并不占优势，因为它们仅仅掌握在日本少数人的手中。

　　B. 抗日游击战要更多承担外线单独作战的任务，这是当时战争的客观形势决定的。

　　C. 抗战整体进程是持久的，不过具体到某一场战役，也可根据实际情况速战速决。

　　D. 中国共产党提出的抗日持久战相信得道多助，也愿意接受国际力量的援助。

　　3. 下列选项符合材料二中实施持久战的“内部条件”的一项是（ ）

　　A. 敌虽强，但敌之强已为其他不利的因素所减杀。

　　B. 除东三省等地外，敌人实际只能占领大城市、大道和某些平地。

　　C. 中国的短处是战争力量之弱，而其长处则在其战争本质的进步性和正义性。

　　D. 动员了全国的老百姓，就造成了陷敌于灭顶之灾的汪洋大海。

　　4. 材料一多处使用了设问句和反问句，请简要分析其论证效果。

　　（二）现代文阅读Ⅱ（本题共4小题，16分）

　　阅读下面的文字，完成下面小题。

　　放牛记

　　徐则臣

　　我现在想不起我何时开始了放牛娃的生涯，又在哪一天彻底结束了这种生活。我很小就羡慕那些吆喝牛马的孩子，觉得他们是豪放粗犷的英雄。而我只是个温顺的可怜虫，总是衣裤整齐，指甲干净，不剃光头，站在他们身边像个走亲戚的陌生人。我想和他们一样，只穿一条小裤衩，光着上身和脚，晒成黑铁蛋，坐在光溜溜的水牛背上挥舞自制的长鞭，雄赳赳气昂昂向野地里进发。能够大喊大叫，可以随地撒尿，无视课堂和作业，遇到仇人要打的架一个都不落下，轻易就能滚出来一身泥。我想当个野孩子，所以，很早我就怂恿父亲买一头牛。

　　我家的确需要一头牛。父亲是医生，农忙时经常搭不上手；祖父祖母年纪大了，体力活儿也帮不上忙；我和姐姐都小，还要念书；十亩田都要母亲一个人对付，运粮食时都没个帮手。父亲决定买牛，哪怕只用来拉车。

　　买牛的那天我记得，你能想象我的激动。在下午，我和父亲去两里外的邻村牵牛，已经提前谈好了价。在邻村的中心路边，我头一次见到锯木厂，在一间大屋里，电锯冲开木料的声音在午后的热空气里格外尖利，几乎能看见那声音在闪耀着银光。我停下来看阴影里的锯木厂，横七竖八堆满了木料，新鲜的木头味道和锯末一起飞溅出来。

　　那头小母牛还小，吃奶的时候还要哼哼唧唧地叫，长得憨厚天真，我很喜欢。主人是个中年男人，说：回去调教半年，就能干活。他给小牛结了一个简单的辔头，缰绳递给我们，我们就把牛牵出了门。

　　小牛屁颠屁颠地跟着我们走，出了村才感觉不对，开始茫然地叫，表情如同迷途的小孩。一路仄着身子走，拧巴着被牵到我家。这一路走得我兴奋又纠结，想牵不敢，摸它一下，摸完了赶紧撤，怕它踢。当然后来我知道，再没有比水牛更温驯的动物了。

　　我经历了把一头小牛训练成壮劳力的全过程。换辔头，套车，驾辕，用声音和缰绳指挥行止，扎鼻眼，犁地，耙地。几年以后，我基本上成了老把式，可以一个人铡草、套车、驾辕，运送满满一车的粮食走在窄路上。我知道它回头看我是什么意思，知道它抬尾巴摇屁股想干什么。当然，这对我来说是副产品，我想说的还是放牛。

　　在当时，放牛部分地满足了我的少年英雄梦，让一个必须规整地生活的少年有了一个旁逸斜出的机会。就算现在，我也不认为整天和一头牛走在野地里是件苦叽叽的事，相反，我以为那是我少年时代最快乐的生活之一。

　　放牛都在夏天，放了暑假我才有时间。三伏天的午后太阳高悬，蚂蚁都被晒蒙了，晕晕乎乎爬出的全是曲线；如果要去远处找水草丰茂的地方，那我就得早早地从午睡中爬起来，戴上草帽出门。我直犯困，遇到树荫就不想再动，尤其经过河边，看那些戏水的同伴，你真觉得放牛实在是个负担。让人烦的还有一个，大雨天。这不是放牛的好时候，但牛出不去你得出去，割草，干不干活你都得让它每天吃饱；家里自也备了干草，只是大夏天的芳草萋萋，你不让它吃新鲜的，不人道也不牛道。还是得穿雨衣戴斗笠挎篮子割草去。漫天雨雾，汤汤水水的野地里就你一个人，蹲在草丛里形同消失，像我这种动不动就悲观的人，常常会觉得自己被这个世界遗弃了，那感觉也不太好。

　　不过这样的时候毕竟少，英雄主义的少年时代总体上是乐观向上的——放牛的确是件好玩的事。野地自由，有种无所事事的、透明的自然与放松。放牛通常是集体行动，几个放牛娃排成队伍往村外走，大家都坐在牛背上，屁股底下垫条麻袋。水牛走起来浑身都在动，骑牛更像坐轿子。后面的人打前面的牛屁股，一个跟着一个跑起来，六七头牛，都在撅着屁股跑，那队伍看起来很壮观。牛一跑，大肚子就扑扇扑扇地抖，活像巨大的金鱼腮在鼓鼓瘪瘪地呼吸。如果你是新手，最好抓住缰绳，夹紧两腿，能抱住牛脖子更好，否则你随时可能掉下去。有天黄昏，牧童晚归，我骑在牛背上慢悠悠往家走，有人对着牛屁股猛的一巴掌，受了惊的牛撅起屁股就跑，我手里还抱着自己做的一根竹笛在专心地找音，连缰绳都没抓，牛一屁股把我送到了右前方的水沟里，半个脑袋扎进了淤泥。

　　如果真要找一点和其他放牛娃的不同，可能就是我放牛经常带本书。很多武侠小说都是在坟地里看的。乱坟岗子里草好，把缰绳缠到牛角上让它们自己吃去，我们找个形状合适的坟堆，铺上麻袋就着坟势躺下来，翘起二郎腿。想睡觉的睡觉，想唱歌的唱歌，想发呆的发呆；我想看书，从兜里拽出一本武侠小说来。清风徐来，头顶有松树遮阴，天上流云飞动，此时看武侠，几等于尘嚣皆忘，那一个白衣飘飘的侠义世界美不胜收——大虚乃是大实，大无中有大有。

　　放牛给了我一个几近完美的少年时代，放松，自由，融入野地里，跟自然和大地曾经如此贴近。我在放牛时没能让自己成为一个野孩子，或者说没能成为我希望的那样的野孩子，不知道这个结果是好还是坏。往事总在回忆时被赋予意义，在放牛这个经历上，我更愿意就事论事，返回到当年的心境里，看一看当时的悲欢和忧乐。

　　6. 下列对文本相关内容和艺术特色的分析鉴赏，正确的一项是（ ）

　　A. 父亲决定买牛，除了确属生产需要，也想让儿子跟其他孩子一起放牛，以改变他“像个走亲戚的陌生人”那样不合群的性格。

　　B. 作为一个曾经的“老把式”，“我”却认为驭牛的诸般本领都只是“副产品”，只有放牛那种“旁逸斜出”的生活才是“我”最想谈论的。

　　C. 大雨天里为牛割草的情形，让“我”意识到自己是一个“悲观”之人，可见放牛生活对“我”思想意识的养成有着至关重要的意义。

　　D. 文中记述“我”在乱坟岗子里看武侠小说，是有意以环境的阴森怪异来映衬看武侠的乐趣，也凸显出“尘嚣皆忘”的读书境界。

　　7. 关于文中锯木厂这个段落，下列说法不正确的一项是（ ）

　　A. 买牛让“我”格外激动，因此买牛那天的相关情景在“我”的记忆里依然生动鲜活。

　　B. 两里外邻村路边的锯木厂，对那时的“我”来说，俨然一个陌生而刺激的新天地。

　　C. 这个段落看似闲笔，实则以先抑后扬的手法来突出下文“我”的“兴奋又纠结”。

　　D. 这段文字里弥漫着热、声、光影、气味，营造出记忆中少年旧事那独特的气息。

　　8. 文章为何说“放牛给了我一个几近完美的少年时代”？

　　9. 文末画线的句子表明，作者不愿在回忆往事时为放牛“赋予意义”。你认为本文是否做到了这一点？请简要说明。

　　二、古代诗文阅读（35分）

　　（一）文言文阅读（本题共5小题，22分）

　　阅读下面的文言文，完成下面小题。

　　材料一：

　　李广有孙陵，为侍中，善骑射。帝以为有广之风，使教射酒泉、张掖以备胡。及贰师击匈奴[注]，陵叩头自请曰：“臣所将屯边者，皆荆楚勇士奇材剑客也。愿得自当一队，到兰干山南以分单于兵，毋令专乡贰师军。臣愿以少击众，步兵五千人涉单于庭。”上壮而许之。陵至浚稽山，与单于相值，骑可三万围陵军。陵搏战攻之，虏还走上山，汉军追击，杀数千人。单于大惊，召八万余骑攻陵。陵军步斗树木间，复杀数千人。陵居谷中，虏在山上，四面射，矢如雨下。士卒多死，不得行。陵曰：“无面目报陛下！”遂降。上怒甚，群臣皆罪陵。上以问太史令司马迁，迁盛言：“陵事亲孝，与士信，常奋不顾身以徇国家之急，其素所畜积也，有国士之风。且陵提步卒不满五千，深蹂戎马之地，抑数万之师。身虽陷败，然其所摧败亦足暴于天下。彼之不死，宜欲得当以报汉也。”上以迁为诬罔，下迁腐刑。久之，上悔陵无救。上遣（公孙）敖深入匈奴迎李陵，敖军无功还，因曰：“捕得生口，言李陵教单于为兵以备汉军。”上于是族陵家。既而闻之，乃汉将降匈奴者李绪，非陵也。陵使人刺杀绪，大阏氏欲杀陵，单于匿之北方。大阏氏死，乃还。单于以女妻陵，立为右校王，与卫律皆贵用事。卫律常在单于左右；陵居外，有大事乃入议。（征和三年）三月，遣李广利将七万人出五原，击匈奴。匈奴使大将与李陵将三万余骑追汉军，转战九日。

　　（节选自《资治通鉴·汉纪》）

　　材料二：

　　李陵之降也，罪较著而不可掩。如谓其孤军支虏而无援，则以步卒五千出塞，陵自炫其勇，而非武帝命之不获辞也。陵之族也，则嫁其祸于李绪；迨其后李广利征匈奴，陵将三万余骑追汉军，转战九日，亦将委罪于绪乎？如曰陵受单于之制，不得不追奔转战者，匈奴岂伊无可信之人？令陵有两袒之心，单于亦何能信陵而委以重兵，使深入而与汉将相持乎！迁之为陵文过若不及，而抑称道李广于不绝，以奖其世业。为将而降降而为之效死以战虽欲浣涤其污而已缁之素不可复白。大节丧，则余无可浣也。李陵曰“思一得当以报汉”，愧苏武而为之辞也。其背逆也，固非迁之所得而文焉者也。

　　（节选自王夫之《读通鉴论》卷三）

　　[注]贰师，指汉代贰师将军李广利。

　　10. 材料中画波浪线的部分有三处需要断句，请用铅笔将答题卡上相应位置的答案标号涂黑。

　　为将而降A降而为之B效死C以战D虽欲浣E涤其污F而已G缁之素不可复白。

　　11. 下列对材料中加点的词语及相关内容的解说，不正确的一项是（ ）

　　A. 壮，认为……豪壮，意动用法，与《老子》“不贵难得之货”的“贵”用法相同。

　　B. 亲，父母，可偏指父或母，与《孔雀东南飞》“我有亲父兄”的“亲”意思不相同。

　　C. “彼之不死”与《爱莲说》“予独爱莲之出淤泥而不染”的“之”用法不相同。

　　D. 迨，等到，与《项脊轩志》“迨诸父异爨”的“迨”字意思相同。

　　12. 下列对材料有关内容的概述，不正确的一项是（ ）

　　A. 李陵擅长骑马射箭，受命在酒泉、张掖训练军队。李广利出击匈奴时，李陵请求以少击众，率五千步卒深入单于王庭，王夫之认为这是“自炫其勇”。

　　B. 李陵遭遇单于三万人马，奋力作战，单于震恐，召八万人围攻李陵，李陵率军杀敌数千。对于李陵的战功，司马迁称赞他虽败犹荣，而王夫之则未置一词。

　　C. 李陵投降后，武帝大怒，司马迁竭力替李陵辩白。王夫之认为，司马迁这样做的原因，是担心如果不及时为李陵掩饰罪过，就会损害李广的声誉。

　　D. 武帝误信李陵帮助匈奴训练军队，诛杀李陵家族，其实帮助匈奴的是李绪。王夫之认为，即便灭族之祸可以归罪于李绪，李陵的罪责也无可推卸。

　　13. 把材料中画横线的句子翻译成现代汉语。

　　（1）愿得自当一队，到兰干山南以分单于兵，毋令专乡贰师军。

　　（2）李陵曰“思一得当以报汉”，愧苏武而为之辞也。其背逆也，固非迁之所得而文焉者也。

　　14. 王夫之强调李陵“大节丧，则余无可浣也”，材料一有哪些事实可以支持王夫之的观点？请简要概括。

　　（二）古代诗歌阅读（本题共2小题，9分）

　　阅读下面这首宋诗，完成下面小题。

　　宿千岁庵听泉

　　刘克庄

　　因爱庵前一脉泉，襥衾来此借房眠。

　　骤闻将谓溪当户，久听翻疑屋是船。

　　变作怒声犹壮伟，滴成细点更清圆。

　　君看昔日兰亭帖，亦把湍流替管弦。

　　15. 下列对这首诗理解和赏析，不正确的一项是（ ）

　　A. 诗的开头交代，诗人之所以会到千岁庵借宿，是出于对庵前泉水的喜爱。

　　B. 诗歌主要是从听觉的角度来描写泉流，与题目中的“听泉”二字相切合。

　　C. 诗人雅趣与古人相通，在听泉的时候，联想到昔日曲水流觞的兰亭雅集。

　　D. 诗人与兰亭诸贤一样，都把对音乐之美的追求寄托于山水而摒弃了乐器。

　　16. 本诗采用了对比手法，颈联写泉水的声音既响亮又微小，请结合诗句简要分析。

　　（三）名篇名句默写（本题共1小题，6分）

　　17. 补写出下列句子中的空缺部分。

　　（1）《屈原列传》“___________，____________”描写寻常事物须从宏大意象列举表达深远意蕴。

　　（2）《归园田居·其一》“_____________，____________”表示栽种多种树木受到喜爱。

　　（3）唐代诗人写时事，常常托之于汉代，如“___________，___________”借汉喻唐，以古喻今。

　　三、语言文字运用（本题共5小题，18分）

　　阅读文字，完成下面小题。

　　当你觉得劳累而懒得说话，情绪、胃口不佳且脑子不转时，往往是身体在提醒你：“电量已经触底，需要立即充电。”常用的充电方式，包括合理睡眠、适度运动、调整饮食等多种，其中睡眠最为重要。①如果睡眠不足和睡眠过度都会加重人的疲惫感，②引发多种疾病，③所以，④通过睡眠如何快速让自己精力充沛，⑤才是问题的关键。

　　睡眠时长是保证身体正常运转的必要条件。至于每天要睡多久才能保证身体健康，相信喜爱健康科普节目的人，都已经耳熟能详了。实际上，我们所需的睡眠时长是 A 的，有人不睡够9个小时难以清醒，有人睡上4个小时就能活力满满；有人睡了很长时间仍然精神萎靡，有人只要打个盹儿就能 B 。因此，能够保证自己心情舒畅、精神饱满的睡眠时长，就是最适合自己的睡眠时长。

　　睡眠不足会导致疲劳无法缓解而残留下来，长此以往，疲劳会像负债一样逐渐累积并且利上滚利，掏空你的“家底”，进而引发多种疾病。（ 甲 ）也很简单：在节假日睡到自然醒，记下你的睡眠时长，然后减去工作日的睡眠时长，如果多出2个小时以上，即说明你正处于“睡眠负债”的状态，需要及时补充调整。但另一方面，一次性补充过多的睡眠，又会扰乱人体生物钟，使你的睡眠质量大打折扣，同时引发新的疲劳。所以对于“睡眠负债”，要采取“分期偿还”的方式求得解决。其实，（ 乙 ）。如果质量不佳，睡眠时间再长也难以恢复疲劳。而提高睡眠质量的方法有很多种，如在固定时间起床，以调整身体节律；在睡眠前洗热水澡，以尽量放松身心。只有睡得够，睡得好，坚持不懈，才能从“感觉身心疲惫”成功转化成“感觉棒极了”。

　　18. 文中第一段用“电”比喻人的精力体力，使用了借喻的修辞手法。请以“云”为本体写一个句子。要求：语意完整，使用借喻；借喻贴切，表达流畅。

　　19. 请在文中画横线处填入恰当的成语。

　　20. 文中第一段标序号的部分有两处表述不当，请指出其序号并做修改，使语言准确流畅，逻辑严密，不得改变原意。

　　21. 请在文中括号内补写恰当的语句，使整段文字语意完整连贯，内容贴切，逻辑严密，每处不超过15个字。

　　22. 文中画波浪线的“恢复疲劳”，有人说不合逻辑，有人说可以使用。你的看法是什么？请简要说明理由。

　　四、写作（60分）

　　23. 阅读下面的材料，根据要求写作。

　　随着互联网的普及、人工智能的应用，越来越多的问题能很快得到答案。那么，我们的问题是否会越来越少？

　　以上材料引发了你怎样的联想和思考？请写一篇文章。

　　要求：选准角度，确定立意，明确文体，自拟标题；不要套作，不得抄袭；不得泄露个人信息；不少于800字。

　　答案：

　　一、现代文阅读（35分）

　　（一）现代文阅读1（本题共5小题，19分）

　　【1~5题答案】

　　【答案】1. B 2. A

　　3. D 4. ①使用设问句，如“这个结论是正确的吗？我以为是正确的”，能引起读者注意，启发读者思考，强调了结论的正确性；

　　②使用反问句，如“在这种情况下，难道中国也不能变成优势吗？”增强语气，更加鲜明有力地表达观点，强调了中国可以通过持久战扭转劣势的观点。

　　5. ①要有全面、宏观的视角，不局限于一时一地，要考虑到各种相关因素和世界局势的变化；

　　②要客观分析敌我双方的优势与劣势，不盲目乐观或悲观；

　　③要看到人力、人心等非物质因素的重要性；

　　④要对战争的不同阶段有清晰认识和科学分析，既不幻想速胜，也不失去信心；

　　⑤要善于从战略高度思考问题，把握战争的整体走势和发展规律。

　　（二）现代文阅读Ⅱ（本题共4小题，16分）

　　【6~9题答案】

　　【答案】6. B 7. C

　　8. ①放牛生活给了作者一个自由、放松的少年时代，贴近了自然，拥有了一段无忧无虑快乐美好的回忆；②实现了“我”的少年英雄梦。

　　9. 观点一：做到了。作者在回忆放牛的经历时，没有过多地赋予意义，而是就事论事，返回到当年的心境里，真实地展现了当时的悲欢和忧乐

　　观点二：没做到。文中的放牛生活虽然真切，但仍然经过了回忆的过滤甚至重塑，已经被赋予了意义，其中对“放松”“自由”“野孩子”等的强化，读武侠而感叹虚实有无等，渗入了当下经验和现实感受。

　　二、古代诗文阅读（35分）

　　（一）文言文阅读（本题共5小题，22分）

　　【10~14题答案】

　　【答案】10. ADF

　　11. C 12. C

　　13. （1）我愿意亲自率领一支队伍，到兰干山南面去分散单于的兵力，不让他全力对付贰师将军的军队。

　　（2）李陵说“我是想找一个适当机会来报答汉朝”，只不过是见到苏武义举感到惭愧而找的借口。他的背叛，本来就不是司马迁所能文饰的。

　　14. ①李陵打仗失败后即投降匈奴；②与降将卫律一道成为单于左膀右臂；③率领大军追击汉军。

　　（二）古代诗歌阅读（本题共2小题，9分）

　　【15~16题答案】

　　【答案】15. D 16. 诗中“变作怒声犹壮伟，滴成细点更清圆”将泉声有时如怒声般壮伟和有时如细点般清圆进行对比，形象地展现了泉声的丰富多变和独特魅力。这种对比的描写方式，使泉声更加具体可感，让读者能更好地领略泉声的美妙。

　　（三）名篇名句默写（本题共1小题，6分）

　　【17题答案】

　　【答案】 ①. 其称文小而其指极大 ②. 举类迩而见义远 ③. 榆柳荫后檐 ④. 桃李罗堂前 ⑤. 汉家烟尘在东北 ⑥. 汉将辞家破残贼（君不闻汉家山东二百州，千村万落生荆杞/汉皇重色思倾国，御宇多年求不得）

　　三、语言文字运用（本题共5小题，18分）

　　【18~22题答案】

　　【答案】18. 天空中那一团团棉花糖，洁白、柔软，让人忍不住想要咬上一口。

　　19. A因人而异；B精神抖擞。

　　20. ①句修改为：睡眠不足或睡眠过度都会加重人的疲惫感（如果睡眠不足或睡眠过度那么都会加重人的疲惫感）；④句修改为：如何通过睡眠快速让自己精力充沛。

　　21. （甲）判断自己是否处于“睡眠负债”状态；（乙）睡眠质量也是消除疲劳的重要因素。

　　22. 示例1：可以使用。“恢复”应理解为使用用法，“恢复疲劳”是强调通过睡眠等方式使疲劳的状态得到缓解和消除，恢复到不疲劳的状态，从这个角度理解是符合逻辑的。（如果认为不合逻辑，可从“恢复”一词的常见语义角度说明，言之成理也可）

　　四、写作（60分）

　　【23题答案】

　　【答案】例文：

　　无极之外仍是无极

　　盘古开天辟地，启动了世界运行的按钮。从刀耕火种到互联网普及，从混沌蒙昧到人工智能，时至今日，越来越多的问题能迅速在网上检索到答案。这是否意味着我们可以从思考探索中摆脱出来，问题越来越少呢？窃以为不然。正如汤之问棘：“上下四方有极乎？”棘曰：“无极之外复无极也。”旧的问题得到了解答，新的问题又接踵而至，不断循环可谓无极之外仍是无极。

　　爱迪生曾说：“一切都是谜，一个谜的答案是另一个谜。”人类本就是一种爱探究原因的生物，600万年以来，哪怕是茹毛饮血，人类从未停止过质疑释疑的脚步。也正是得益于此，代表着人类智慧结晶的互联网和人工智能高效快捷地反哺着人们好奇的胃口，顷刻间便消散了人们心中的疑惑。于是，在本能的驱使下，人们只会“撑一支长篙，向青草更青处漫溯”，问题岂会越来越少？

　　放眼物理研究，牛顿解答了苹果为什么会落在地上后，又疑惑引力来自哪里，爱因斯坦发现这是广义相对论的问题，但广义相对论却与量子力学格格不入……力学的问题如同一个九连环，环环相扣，“引无数英雄竞折腰”，孜孜不倦！可见，世界本就是一本“沙之书”，解答了一个谜，另一个谜便应运而生，解答的速度越快，产生的问题便越多。世界便是在这样的回环往复当中，走入了发展的快车道，催生了今天的日新月异！

　　毋庸置疑，高速发展的时代在全面答疑的同时，的确加速了我们探索的步伐。但是，正如狄更斯所言：“这是一个智慧的年代，这是一个愚蠢的年代。”我们在欣喜于自己越来越智慧的同时，也悲哀地发现很多人开始不自觉地依赖于这些智能产物，彻底地放飞了自我。正所谓“用进废退”，我们心中的问题越来越少，可是身上的问题却越来越多。

　　不知从何时起，“不懂问度娘”成了我们的口头禅，消减了我们探索的欲望；超级计算机成了我们的新“头脑”，退化了我们运算的功能；移动支付成了我们生活的常态，收起了我们感知的触角；网上购物成了流行的购买方式，钝化了我们交际的灵敏；无人驾驶汽车成了未来的新宠，抽取着我们生活的技能……智能的时代似乎帮我们解决了所有的问题，却也可怕地反噬着我们的能力，让懒惰懈怠的人问题越来越多，也越来越“愚蠢”。

　　所幸，哲学帮我们解决了这个让人左右为难的问题。“任何事物都具有两面性”，在这无极之外仍是无极的浩瀚空间里，我们既可以自豪于问题激发问题的超能力，又要避免于问题衍生问题的新焦虑，扬长避短，方可在这亘古未有的新时代里逍遥畅游。

　　2024年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（新课标Ⅰ卷）

　　英语

　　姓名________________ 准考证号________________

　　全卷共12页，满分150分，考试时间120分钟。

　　考生注意：

　　1. 答题前，请务必将自己的姓名、准考证号用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔分别填写在试题卷和答题纸规定的位置上。

　　2. 答题时，请按照答题纸上“注意事项”的要求，在答题纸相应的位置上规范作答，在本试题卷上的作答一律无效。

　　第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）

　　做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题纸上。

　　第一节 （共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）

　　听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。

　　例：How much is the shirt?

　　A. 19.15. B. 9.18. C. 9.15.

　　答案是C。

　　1. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

　　What is Kate doing?

　　A. Boarding a flight. B. Arranging a trip. C. Seeing a friend off.

　　【答案】C

　　【解析】

　　原文】M: Thanks for the wonderful weekend, Kate.

　　W: Thats okay. Bob and I are glad you came to see us.

　　M: Oh, I have to go in. My flight will take off soon. Do contact me when youre in Sydney.

　　W: Sure, we will.

　　2. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

　　What are the speakers talking about?

　　A. A pop star. B. An old song. C. A radio program.

　　【答案】B

　　【解析】

　　【原文】W: Paul, listen to the radio. Its Youve Stolen My Heart, one of the songs played at our wedding.

　　M: Yeah, how beautiful! Its been popular for almost two decades.

　　3. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

　　What will the speakers do today?

　　A. Go to an art show. B. Meet the mans aunt. C. Eat out with Mark.

　　【答案】A

　　【解析】

　　【原文】W: David, forget about Mark. His aunt is in town, so he cant go with us today.

　　M: Oh, what a pity! Its the last day of the art show.

　　4. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

　　What does the man want to do?

　　A. Cancel an order. B. Ask for a receipt. C. Reschedule a delivery.

　　【答案】C

　　【解析】

　　【原文】W: How may I help you?

　　M: I bought a desk and asked for it to be delivered to my house this Friday.

　　W: Yes, what’s the problem?

　　M: I need to have it delivered this Saturday.

　　5. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

　　When will the next train to Bedford leave?

　　A. At 9:45. B. At 10:15. C. At 11:00.

　　【答案】A

　　【解析】

　　【原文】W: Next, please.

　　M: Oh, hi, I missed my 9 oclock train to Bedford. Do I have to buy another ticket?

　　W: No. The next train leaves at a quarter to ten at Platform 11.

　　M: Thank you.

　　第二节 （共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）

　　听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。

　　听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

　　6. What will the weather be like today?

　　A. Stormy. B. Sunny. C. Foggy.

　　7. What is the man going to do?

　　A. Plant a tree. B. Move his car. C. Check the map.

　　【答案】6. A 7. B

　　【解析】

　　【原文】W: Honey, have you checked todays weather forecast?

　　M: Yes, its cold and wet. There is a warning for strong winds up to 100 kilometers per hour.

　　W: What are we going to do then?

　　M: Nothing much. Just stay indoors. There is a risk of falling trees and power lines.

　　W: Right.

　　M: And the low temperatures could bring snow to the forest area.

　　W: I hope its over quickly.

　　M: Well, it wont get better until late Wednesday. Anyway, I have to move the car away from the trees.

　　W: Yeah, you cannot be too careful.

　　听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

　　8. Why is Kathy in California now?

　　A. She is on vacation there. B. She has just moved there. C. She is doing business there.

　　9. What is the relationship between Tom and Fiona?

　　A. Husband and wife. B. Brother and sister. C. Father and daughter.

　　10. What does Kathy thank Dave for?

　　A. Finding her a new job. B. Sending her a present. C. Calling on her mother.

　　【答案】8. B 9. B 10. C

　　【解析】

　　【原文】W: Hello, Dave. This is Kathy from Sunny California.

　　M: Hi, Kathy. You finally called. How was the move? All settled in?

　　W: Sorry, I hadn’t called sooner, but it’s been a busy month. We’re slowly getting things set up in our new home.

　　M: Yeah, I understand. How are Jeff and the children?

　　W: Jeff is doing well with his new job. Tom has made many new friends here and has a lot to do. Fiona is fine, though she misses her grandma. By the way, thank you for looking in on my mother from time to time. I call her every week, but it isn’t the same as seeing her.

　　M: No problem. Betty and I are friends now. How is the weather there?

　　W: It’s nice and warm, and we are able to spend some time every week on the beach with the children.

　　M: That’s great.

　　听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

　　11. How did Jack go to school when he was a child?

　　A. By bike. B. On foot. C. By bus.

　　12. What is Jacks attitude toward parents driving their kids to school?

　　A. Disapproving. B. Encouraging. C. Understanding.

　　13. What is the problem with some parents according to the woman?

　　A. Overprotecting their children.

　　B. Pushing their children too hard.

　　C. Having no time for their children.

　　【答案】11. B 12. C 13. A

　　【解析】

　　【原文】W: Jack, how did you get to school when you were in primary school?

　　M: I lived close to my school, so I walked every day. Why?

　　W: Well, I remember that when we were kids, we often walked, rode a bike or caught the bus to school. Few of us were dropped off at the school gate by our parents.

　　M: I see what you mean, these days you can see traffic jams around schools that drop off at pick-up times, but it’s hard to blame the parents. They have good reasons for driving their kids to school, mostly to do with safety and convenience.

　　W: You have a point there, but it could also mean children are missing out on much needed exercise and other life skills. Some parents are just being over-protective with their children learning nothing, but living in fear of everything. Studies have found that children who spend more time outside tend to be healthier, better adjusted and better at dealing with stress.

　　听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

　　14. Why did Marie post her kitchen gardening online at first?

　　A. To keep records of her progress.

　　B. To sell home-grown vegetables.

　　C. To motivate her fellow gardeners.

　　15. Why does Marie recommend beginners to grow strawberries?

　　A. They need no special care.

　　B. They can be used in cooking.

　　C. They bear a lot of fruit soon.

　　16. What is difficult for Marie to grow?

　　A. Herbs. B. Carrots. C. Pears.

　　17. What is Maries advice to those interested in kitchen gardening?

　　A. Aim high. B. Keep focused. C. Stay optimistic.

　　【答案】14. A 15. C 16. B 17. C

　　【解析】

　　【原文】M: So Aurie, your kitchen garden looks excellent. What made you turn to social media to record your vegetable growing?

　　W: Initially, I used the online platform as a diary, something to look back on, giving me a sense of achievements and keeping me motivated and moving forward. As time went by, other gardeners and like-minded people began to follow my progress, too.

　　M: I know you grow lots of fruit on your land. Which would you recommend to beginners as the best to grow?

　　W: Strawberries would be a good choice. They produce a lot of fruit in their first season.

　　M: Thats cool. Well, do you have plans to try newor any particular crops next year?

　　W: Next season I will be adding some pear trees to the fruit area. I will be adding more herbs which I can use in the kitchen. After a couple of years of failure, I will try growing carrots again.

　　M: What advice would you offer someone thinkingof doing kitchen gardening?

　　W: Have a plan of what you want your kitchen garden to look like. Dont be too discouraged if things dont go according to plan. Learn from your mistakes and move on. Theres always next season.

　　听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

　　18. What is "Life of Johnson"?

　　A. A magazine column. B. A TV series. C. A historical novel.

　　19. What is Johnson famous for?

　　A. His acting talent. B. His humorous writing. C. His long sports career.

　　20. When did Johnson join Sports Times?

　　A. In 1981. B. In 1983. C. In 1985.

　　【答案】18. A 19. B 20. C

　　【解析】

　　【原文】M: Welcome to Meet the Author. Well, many readers of Sports Times turn to the last page of their magazine first in order to read Jacob Johnsons weekly article under the title Life of Johnson, the articles along with his novels and essay collections have earned Johnson the reputation as one of the funniest humans on the planet. Johnson began writing about sports as a second-year student at the University of Colorado, covering high school volleyball games for his hometown newspaper. After graduating in 1981, he moved on to work at the Denver Weekly for 2 years and the Los Angeles Post for two more years before landing at Sports Times. He has been voted national sports writer of the year 11 times. So now lets welcome the funny man with serious tone, Jacob Johnson.

　　第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）

　　第一节 （共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）

　　阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

　　A

　　HABITAT RESTORATION TEAM

　　Help restore and protect Marins natural areas from the Marin Headlands to Bolinas Ridge. Well explore beautiful park sites while conducting invasive (侵入的) plant removal, winter planting, and seed collection. Habitat Restoration Team volunteers play a vital role in restoring sensitive resources and protecting endangered species across the ridges and valleys.

　　GROUPS

　　Groups of five or more require special arrangements and must be confirmed in advance. Please review the List of Available Projects and fill out the Group Project Request Form.

　　AGE, SKILLS, WHAT TO BRING

　　Volunteers aged 10 and over are welcome. Read our Youth Policy Guidelines for youth under the age of 15.

　　Bring your completed Volunteer Agreement Form. Volunteers under the age of 18 must have the parent/guardian approval section signed.

　　Well be working rain or shine. Wear clothes that can get dirty. Bring layers for changing weather and a raincoat if necessary.

　　Bring a personal water bottle, sunscreen, and lunch.

　　No experience necessary. Training and tools will be provided. Fulfills (满足) community service requirements.

　　UPCOMING EVENTS

　　Time Meeting Location

　　Sunday, Jan. 15 10:00 am — 1:00 pm Battery Alexander Trailhead

　　Sunday, Jan. 22 10:00 am — 2:30 pm Stinson Beach Parking Lot

　　Sunday, Jan. 29 9:30 am — 2:30 pm Coyote Ridge Trailhead

　　21. What is the aim of the Habitat Restoration Team?

　　A. To discover mineral resources. B. To develop new wildlife parks.

　　C. To protect the local ecosystem. D. To conduct biological research.

　　22. What is the lower age limit for joining the Habitat Restoration Team?

　　A. 5. B. 10. C. 15. D. 18.

　　23. What are the volunteers expected to do?

　　A. Bring their own tools. B. Work even in bad weather.

　　C. Wear a team uniform. D. Do at least three projects.

　　【答案】21. C 22. B 23. B

　　【解析】

　　【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了参加保护当地生态系统的栖息地恢复小组的时间地点等相关细节。

　　【21题详解】

　　细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Help restore and protect Marin’s natural areas from the Marin Headlands to Bolinas Ridge. We’ll explore beautiful park sites while conducting invasive (侵入的) plant removal, winter planting, and seed collection. Habitat Restoration Team volunteers play a vital role in restoring sensitive resources and protecting endangered species across the ridges and valleys. (帮助恢复和保护从马林海岬到波利纳斯岭的马林海的自然区域。我们将探索美丽的公园场地，同时进行入侵植物清除、冬季种植和种子收集。栖息地恢复小组的志愿者在恢复敏感资源和保护山脊和山谷中的濒危物种方面发挥着至关重要的作用)”可知，栖息地恢复小组的目的是保护当地生态系统。故选C项。

　　【22题详解】

　　细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Volunteers aged 10 and over are welcome. (欢迎10岁及以上的志愿者)”可知，参加栖息地恢复小组的最低年龄限制是10岁。故选B项。

　　【23题详解】

　　细节理解题。根据文章第五段“We’ll be working rain or shine. (我们将风雨无阻地工作)”可知，身为志愿者，即使天气不好也要工作。故选B项。

　　B

　　“I am not crazy,” says Dr. William Farber, shortly after performing acupuncture (针灸) on a rabbit. “I am ahead of my time.” If he seems a little defensive, it might be because even some of his coworkers occasionally laugh at his unusual methods. But Farber is certain he’ll have the last laugh. He’s one of a small but growing number of American veterinarians (兽医) now practicing “holistic” medicine-combining traditional Western treatments with acupuncture, chiropractic (按摩疗法) and herbal medicine.

　　Farber, a graduate of Colorado State University, started out as a more conventional veterinarian. He became interested in alternative treatments 20 years ago when he suffered from terrible back pain. He tried muscle-relaxing drugs but found little relief. Then he tried acupuncture, an ancient Chinese practice, and was amazed that he improved after two or three treatments. What worked on a veterinarian seemed likely to work on his patients. So, after studying the techniques for a couple of years, he began offering them to pets.

　　Leigh Tindale’s dog Charlie had a serious heart condition. After Charlie had a heart attack, Tindale says, she was prepared to put him to sleep, but Farber’s treatments eased her dog’s suffering so much that she was able to keep him alive for an additional five months. And Priscilla Dewing reports that her horse, Nappy, “moves more easily and rides more comfortably” after a chiropractic adjustment.

　　Farber is certain that the holistic approach will grow more popular with time, and if the past is any indication, he may be right: Since 1982, membership in the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association has grown from 30 to over 700. “Sometimes it surprises me that it works so well,” he says. “I will do anything to help an animal. That’s my job.”

　　24. What do some of Farber’s coworkers think of him?

　　A. He’s odd. B. He’s strict. C. He’s brave. D. He’s rude.

　　25. Why did Farber decide to try acupuncture on pets?

　　A. He was trained in it at university. B. He was inspired by another veterinarian.

　　C. He benefited from it as a patient. D. He wanted to save money for pet owners.

　　26. What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about?

　　A. Steps of a chiropractic treatment. B. The complexity of veterinarians’ work.

　　C. Examples of rare animal diseases. D. The effectiveness of holistic medicine.

　　27. Why does the author mention the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association?

　　A. To prove Farber’s point. B. To emphasize its importance.

　　C. To praise veterinarians. D. To advocate animal protection.

　　【答案】24. A 25. C 26. D 27. A

　　【解析】

　　【导语】本文是记叙文。文章讲述兽医威廉·法伯(William Farber)博士在从针灸中受益后，将综合医疗应用于动物，并取得了初步成效。

　　【24题详解】

　　细节理解题。根据第一段的“If he seems a little defensive, it might be because even some of his coworkers occasionally laugh at his unusual methods.( 如果他看起来有点自卫，那可能是因为他的一些同事偶尔会嘲笑他不寻常的方法。) ”可知，Farber的同事们有时会嘲笑他不寻常的方法，他们认为他很奇怪。故选A。

　　【25题详解】

　　细节理解题。根据第二段的“Then he tried acupuncture, an ancient Chinese practice, and was amazed that he improved after two or three treatments. What worked on a veterinarian seemed likely to work on his patients. So, after studying the techniques for a couple of years, he began offering them to pets.(然后，他尝试了针灸，这是一种古老的中国疗法，并惊讶地发现，经过两三次治疗，他的病情有所好转。对兽医有效的方法似乎对他的病人也有效。因此，在研究了这些技术几年后，他开始把它们提供给宠物。)”可知，Farber作为患者从针灸中受益，这促使他决定尝试在宠物上使用针灸。故选C。

　　【26题详解】

　　主旨大意题。根据第三段内容“Leigh Tindale’s dog Charlie had a serious heart condition. After Charlie had a heart attack, Tindale says, she was prepared to put him to sleep, but Farber’s treatments eased her dog’s suffering so much that she was able to keep him alive for an additional five months. And Priscilla Dewing reports that her horse, Nappy, “moves more easily and rides more comfortably” after a chiropractic adjustment.(利·廷代尔的狗查理患有严重的心脏病。廷代尔说，查理心脏病发作后，她准备让他进入睡眠状态，但法伯的治疗大大减轻了她的狗的痛苦，她能够让它多活五个月。普里西拉·杜因(Priscilla Dewing)报告说，她的马纳皮(Nappy)经过脊椎按摩调整后，“行动更容易，乘车更舒服”。) ”可知，本段主要讲述了两个例子，一个是Farber通过整体医学方法帮助了患有严重心脏病的狗Charlie，另一个是马Nappy在接受脊椎按摩治疗后移动和骑行更为舒适。这些例子都是为了说明整体医学的有效性。故选D。

　　【27题详解】

　　推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容“Farber is certain that the holistic approach will grow more popular with time, and if the past is any indication, he may be right: Since 1982, membership in the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association has grown from 30 to over 700. ( 法伯确信，随着时间的推移，综合疗法会越来越受欢迎，如果过去有任何迹象的话，他可能是对的:自1982年以来，美国综合兽医协会的会员已经从30个增加到700多个。)”可知，法伯认为综合疗法会越来越受欢迎，随后作者列举了美国综合兽医协会的会员已经从30个增加到700多个的例子，因此推断美国整体兽医协会是为证明法伯的观点。故选A。

　　C

　　Is comprehension the same whether a person reads a text onscreen or on paper? And are listening to and viewing content as effective as reading the written word when covering the same material? The answers to both questions are often “no”. The reasons relate to a variety of factors, including reduced concentration, an entertainment mindset (心态) and a tendency to multitask while consuming digital content.

　　When reading texts of several hundred words or more, learning is generally more successful when it’s on paper than onscreen. A large amount of research confirms this finding. The benefits of print reading particularly shine through when experimenters move from posing simple tasks — like identifying the main idea in a reading passage — to ones that require mental abstraction — such as drawing inferences from a text.

　　The differences between print and digital reading results are partly related to paper’s physical properties. With paper, there is a literal laying on of hands, along with the visual geography of distinct pages. People often link their memory of what they’ve read to how far into the book it was or where it was on the page.

　　But equally important is the mental aspect. Reading researchers have proposed a theory called “shallowing hypothesis (假说)”. According to this theory, people approach digital texts with a mindset suited to social media, which are often not so serious, and devote less mental effort than when they are reading print.

　　Audio (音频) and video can feel more engaging than text, and so university teachers increasingly turn to these technologies — say, assigning an online talk instead of an article by the same person. However, psychologists have demonstrated that when adults read news stories, they remember more of the content than if they listen to or view identical pieces.

　　Digital texts, audio and video all have educational roles, especially when providing resources not available in print. However, for maximizing learning where mental focus and reflection are called for, educators shouldn’t assume all media are the same, even when they contain identical words.

　　28. What does the underlined phrase “shine through” in paragraph 2 mean?

　　A Seem unlikely to last. B. Seem hard to explain.

　　C. Become ready to use. D. Become easy to notice.

　　29. What does the shallowing hypothesis assume?

　　A. Readers treat digital texts lightly. B. Digital texts are simpler to understand.

　　C. People select digital texts randomly. D. Digital texts are suitable for social media.

　　30. Why are audio and video increasingly used by university teachers?

　　A. They can hold students attention. B. They are more convenient to prepare.

　　C. They help develop advanced skills. D. They are more informative than text.

　　31. What does the author imply in the last paragraph?

　　A. Students should apply multiple learning techniques.

　　B. Teachers should produce their own teaching material.

　　C. Print texts cannot be entirely replaced in education.

　　D. Education outside the classroom cannot be ignored.

　　【答案】28. D 29. A 30. A 31. C

　　【解析】

　　【导语】本文是议论文。主要讨论了纸质阅读与数字阅读、音频和视频学习方式的差异和效果。

　　【28题详解】

　　词句猜测题。根据前文“When reading texts of several hundred words or more, learning is generally more successful when it’s on paper than onscreen. A large amount of research confirms this finding.(当阅读几百字或更多的文本时，在纸上学习通常比在屏幕上学习更成功。大量的研究证实了这一发现)”可知，在纸上学习更有成效，以及后文“when experimenters move from posing simple tasks — like identifying the main idea in a reading passage — to ones that require mental abstraction — such as drawing inferences from a text.(当实验人员从提出简单的任务(如识别阅读文章的主旨)转移到需要思维抽象的任务(如从文本中推断)时)”推知，此处应是表达“当实验者从简单的任务转向需要精神抽象的任务时，纸质阅读的益处就变得显而易见”之意，所以shine through应是“显而易见”之意，和D项意思相近。故选D项。

　　【29题详解】

　　推理判断题。根据第四段“But equally important is the mental aspect. Reading researchers have proposed a theory called “shallowing hypothesis (假说)”. According to this theory, people approach digital texts with a mindset suited to social media, which are often not so serious, and devote less mental effort than when they are reading print.(但同样重要的是精神层面。阅读研究人员提出了一个名为“shallowing hypothesis”的理论。根据这一理论，人们以适合社交媒体的心态接触数字文本，这些文本通常不那么严肃，与阅读印刷品时相比，投入的精神努力也更少)”可知，shallowing hypothesis假设读者在阅读数字文本时会持有一种轻松的心态，不会像阅读纸质书籍那样投入太多的心理努力。故选A项。

　　【30题详解】

　　细节理解题。根据第五段“Audio (音频) and video can feel more engaging than text, and so university teachers increasingly turn to these technologies — say, assigning an online talk instead of an article by the same person.(音频和视频可能比文本更具吸引力，因此大学教师越来越多地转向这些技术，例如分配在线讲座而不是同一作者的文章)”可知，音频和视频比文本更能吸引学生的注意力，所以大学教师越来越多地使用这些技术。故选A项。

　　【31题详解】

　　推理判断题。根据最后一段“Digital texts, audio and video all have educational roles, especially when providing resources not available in print. However, for maximizing learning where mental focus and reflection are called for, educators shouldn’t assume all media are the same, even when they contain identical words.(数字文本、音频和视频都具有教育作用，尤其是在提供印刷品中无法获得的资源时。然而，为了在需要精神集中和反思的情况下最大限度地学习，教育工作者不应假定所有媒体都是相同的，即使它们包含相同的单词)”可知，尽管数字文本、音频和视频在教育中有一定作用，但当需要精神集中和反思以最大化学习时，教育者不应假定所有媒体都是相同的，即使它们包含相同的单词。这表明作者认为纸质文本在教育中的作用仍然不可替代，因此暗示纸质文本在教育中的重要性。故选C项。

　　D

　　In the race to document the species on Earth before they go extinct, researchers and citizen scientists have collected billions of records. Today, most records of biodiversity are often in the form of photos, videos, and other digital records. Though they are useful for detecting shifts in the number and variety of species in an area, a new Stanford study has found that this type of record is not perfect.

　　“With the rise of technology it is easy for people to make observations of different species with the aid of a mobile application,” said Barnabas Daru, who is lead author of the study and assistant professor of biology in the Stanford School of Humanities and Sciences. “These observations now outnumber the primary data that comes from physical specimens (标本), and since we are increasingly using observational data to investigate how species are responding to global change, I wanted to know: Are they usable?”

　　Using a global dataset of 1.9 billion records of plants, insects, birds, and animals, Daru and his team tested how well these data represent actual global biodiversity patterns.

　　“We were particularly interested in exploring the aspects of sampling that tend to bias (使有偏差) data, like the greater likelihood of a citizen scientist to take a picture of a flowering plant instead of the grass right next to it,” said Daru.

　　Their study revealed that the large number of observation-only records did not lead to better global coverage. Moreover, these data are biased and favor certain regions, time periods, and species. This makes sense because the people who get observational biodiversity data on mobile devices are often citizen scientists recording their encounters with species in areas nearby. These data are also biased toward certain species with attractive or eye-catching features.

　　What can we do with the imperfect datasets of biodiversity?

　　“Quite a lot,” Daru explained. “Biodiversity apps can use our study results to inform users of oversampled areas and lead them to places — and even species — that are not well-sampled. To improve the quality of observational data, biodiversity apps can also encourage users to have an expert confirm the identification of their uploaded image.”

　　32. What do we know about the records of species collected now?

　　A. They are becoming outdated. B. They are mostly in electronic form.

　　C. They are limited in number. D. They are used for public exhibition.

　　33. What does Daru’s study focus on?

　　A. Threatened species. B. Physical specimens.

　　C. Observational data. D. Mobile applications.

　　34. What has led to the biases according to the study?

　　A. Mistakes in data analysis. B. Poor quality of uploaded pictures.

　　C. Improper way of sampling. D. Unreliable data collection devices.

　　35. What is Daru’s suggestion for biodiversity apps?

　　A. Review data from certain areas. B. Hire experts to check the records.

　　C. Confirm the identity of the users. D. Give guidance to citizen scientists.

　　【答案】32. B 33. C 34. C 35. D

　　【解析】

　　【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了斯坦福大学的一项研究发现，数字生物多样性记录存在偏见，建议应用程序引导公民科学家获取更好的数据。

　　【32题详解】

　　细节理解题。根据第一段“Today, most records of biodiversity are often in the form of photos, videos, and other digital records. (今天，大多数生物多样性记录通常以照片、视频和其他数字记录的形式出现。)”可知，现在收集的物种记录大多是以电子形式存在的。故选B。

　　【33题详解】

　　细节理解题。根据第二段“These observations now outnumber the primary data that comes from physical specimens (标本), and since we are increasingly using observational data to investigate how species are responding to global change, I wanted to know: Are they usable? (这些观察结果现在超过了来自物理标本的原始数据，而且由于我们越来越多地使用观察数据来研究物种如何应对全球变化，我想知道：它们有用吗?)”和第四段““We were particularly interested in exploring the aspects of sampling that tend to bias (使有偏差) data, like the greater likelihood of a citizen scientist to take a picture of a flowering plant instead of the grass right next to it,” said Daru. (Daru说“我们特别感兴趣的是探索取样容易产生数据偏差的方面，比如公民科学家更有可能拍摄开花植物的照片，而不是它旁边的草。”)”可知，Daru的研究聚焦于观察数据，即人们通过移动应用记录的物种观察数据。故选C。

　　【34题详解】

　　细节理解题。根据第四段““We were particularly interested in exploring the aspects of sampling that tend to bias (使有偏差) data, like the greater likelihood of a citizen scientist to take a picture of a flowering plant instead of the grass right next to it,” said Daru. (Daru说“我们特别感兴趣的是探索取样容易产生数据偏差的方面，比如公民科学家更有可能拍摄开花植物的照片，而不是它旁边的草。”)”以及第五段“This makes sense because the people who get observational biodiversity data on mobile devices are often citizen scientists recording their encounters with species in areas nearby.( 这是有道理的，因为在移动设备上获得观察生物多样性数据的人通常是公民科学家，他们记录了他们在附近地区与物种的接触。)”可知，导致数据偏差的原因是采样方式的不当。故选C。

　　【35题详解】

　　推理判断题。根据最后一段“Biodiversity apps can use our study results to inform users of oversampled areas and lead them to places — and even species — that are not well-sampled. To improve the quality of observational data, biodiversity apps can also encourage users to have an expert confirm the identification of their uploaded image. (生物多样性应用程序可以使用我们的'研究结果来告知用户样本过多的地区，并将他们引导到样本不足的地方，甚至是物种。为了提高观测数据的质量，生物多样性应用程序还可以鼓励用户让专家确认他们上传的图像的身份。)”可知，Daru 建议生物多样性应用应该给公民科学家提供指导。故选D。

　　第二节 （共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）

　　阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

　　Not all great writers are great spellers. If you want to be published, its vital to submit a perfect, professionally presented manuscript (原稿). ____36____ No editor is likely to tolerate a writer who does not take the trouble to spell words correctly.

　　I keep two reference books close-by on my desk: dictionary and thesaurus (同义词词典). I dont trust my laptops spellchecker. ____37____ Of course, these days there are plenty of online dictionaries and thesauruses, but Im old-fashioned enough to prefer a hard cover and pages I can leaf through with my fingers. I use the Concise Oxford Dictionary and the Collins Thesaurus.

　　____38____ It should give you a precise definition of each word, thus differentiating it from other words whose meanings are similar, but not identical. It will also usually show how the word is pronounced.

　　In addition, I have an old two-volume copy of the Shorter Oxford Dictionary, picked up a few years ago in a bookshop sale for just 99 pence. Of course, with its 2,672 pages, its not exactly short. It contains around 163,000 words, plus word combinations and idiomatic phrases. ____39____ However, if I need to check the origin of a word or to look up examples of its usage, theres nothing better.

　　For well over a hundred years the most influential English dictionary was Samuel Johnsons Dictionary of the English Language published in 1755. "To make dictionaries is dull (乏味) work," wrote Johnson, illustrating one definition of "dull". ____40____ A few minutes spent casting your eye over a page or two can be a rewarding experience.

　　A. I dont often use this dictionary.

　　B. It takes no account of the context.

　　C. But I still dont want to replace them.

　　D. But a dictionary can be a pleasure to read.

　　E. Of course, a dictionary is not only for spelling.

　　F. That means good grammar and no spelling mistakes.

　　G. Dictionaries dont always give you enough information.

　　【答案】36. F 37. B 38. E 39. A 40. D

　　【解析】

　　【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了作者使用英语词典的经验和心得以及从中获得的乐趣。

　　【36题详解】

　　上文“If you want to be published, it’s vital to submit a perfect, professionally presented manuscript(如果你想发表，提交一份完美的、专业的手稿是至关重要的)”提到了完美的、专业的手稿的重要性，手稿中不能有语法和拼写错误是专业的手稿的要求之一。F选项“That means good grammar and no spelling mistakes.(这意味着语法正确，没有拼写错误。)”是对手稿要求的进一步解释说明，符合题意。故选F项。

　　【37题详解】

　　上文“I don’t trust my laptop’s spellchecker.(我不相信我笔记本电脑的拼写检查器。)”提到了作者不相信电脑的拼写检查器;下文“Of course, these days there are plenty of online dictionaries and thesauruses, but I’m old-fashioned enough to prefer a hard cover and pages I can leaf through with my fingers.(当然，现在有很多在线词典和同义词库，但我是一个守旧的人，更喜欢精装的书和能用手指翻阅的书页。)”提到了作者更喜欢实体书和能用手指翻阅的书页，说明电子设备可能不会考虑上下文，所以B选项“It takes no account of the context.(它不考虑上下文。)”解释了上文的原因，具有承上启下的作用。故选B项。

　　【38题详解】

　　下文“It should give you a precise definition of each word, thus differentiating it from other words whose meanings are similar, but not identical. It will also usually show how the word is pronounced.(它应该给出每个单词的精确定义，从而将其与其他含义相似但不相同的单词区分开来。它通常还会显示单词的发音。)”提到了字典的功能，E选项“Of course, a dictionary is not only for spelling.(当然，字典不仅仅是用来拼写的。)”提到了字典的部分功能，能引起下文内容。故选E项。

　　【39题详解】

　　下文“However, if I need to check the origin of a word or to look up examples of its usage, there’s nothing better.(然而，如果我需要检查一个单词的来源或查找其用法的例子，没有什么比这更好的了。)”提到了字典的使用情况，A选项“I don’t often use this dictionary.(我不经常用这本字典。)”是对字典使用频率的说明，与下文构成转折关系。故选A项。

　　【40题详解】

　　上文“ “To make dictionaries is dull (乏味) work, ” wrote Johnson, illustrating one definition of ”dull".(约翰逊在解释“dull”的一个定义时写道：“编字典是件无聊的工作(乏味)。”)”提到了编写字典是件乏味的工作，下文“A few minutes spent casting your eye over a page or two can be a rewarding experience.(花几分钟的时间浏览一两页是一种有益的体验。)”提到浏览字典也是一种阅读的乐趣，D选项“But a dictionary can be a pleasure to read.(但是一本字典读起来是一种乐趣。)”是作者对字典的评价，与上文的“乏味”形成对比，与上文构成转折关系。故选D项。

　　第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）

　　第一节 （共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）

　　阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

　　I’ve been motivated — and demotivated — by other folks’ achievement s all my life.

　　When I was a teenager, a neighborhood friend ____41____ a marathon race. Feeling motivated, I started running ____42____, but then two things happened. First, a girl I met one day told me she was ____43____ for a “super,” referring to a 52.4-mile double marathon. Then, the next day I went on my longest run — 15 miles. To be honest, I ____44____ it! Between the girl making my ____45____ seem small and the pure boredom of jogging, I decided that the only ____46____ I’d ever run again is if a big dog was running after me!

　　So I ____47____ cycling. I got a good bike and rode a lot. I ____48____ of entering cycle races until I flew to San Diego to visit my sister. While she was at work one day, I ____49____ her bike and went for a ride. The ____50____: The roads there went through large valleys where I’d be riding uphill for miles at a time. I’d never faced such ____51____. That day, I got ____52____ by about 100 “local” bikers who were used to such roads. When I got back home, suddenly riding my bike didn’t seem quite as ____53____.

　　I’ve ____54____ a lot since then. I’ve come to accept that whatever ____55____ I set for myself, they just have to be my own.

　　41. A. knew B. held C. won D. quit

　　42. A. regularly B. silently C. proudly D. recently

　　43. A. asking B. looking C. waiting D. training

　　44. A. made B. believed C. hated D. deserved

　　45. A. advantage B. achievement C. contribution D. influence

　　46. A. way B. risk C. place D. reason

　　47. A. gave up B. went on C. turned to D. dealt with

　　48. A. heard B. dreamed C. complained D. approved

　　49. A. painted B. borrowed C. bought D. parked

　　50. A. problem B. secret C. principle D. advice

　　51. A. dangers B. events C. opponents D. challenges

　　52. A. passed B. convinced C. admired D. stopped

　　53. A. reliable B. convenient C. familiar D. appealing

　　54. A. traveled B. matured C. missed D. worried

　　55. A. limits B. dates C. goals D. tests

　　【答案】41. C 42. A 43. D 44. C 45. B 46. D 47. C 48. B 49. B 50. A 51. D 52. A 53. D 54. B 55. C

　　【解析】

　　【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。它详细叙述了作者在不同阶段对不同运动（跑步和骑自行车）的兴趣和经历，并通过这些经历反映了作者的成长和心理变化。

　　【41题详解】

　　考查动词词义辨析。句意：我十几岁的时候，一个邻居朋友赢得了马拉松比赛。A. knew知道；B. held抓住；C. won赢得；D. quit退出。根据后文“Feeling motivated”可知，作者有了动力，所以此处应是一个邻居朋友赢得了马拉松比赛。故选C项。

　　【42题详解】

　　考查副词词义辨析。句意：有了动力，我开始定期跑步，但后来发生了两件事。A. regularly有规律地；B. silently默默地；C. proudly自豪地；D. recently最近。根据前文“Feeling motivated” 可知，作者有了动力，所以应是定期跑步，符合语境。故选A项。

　　【43题详解】

　　考查动词词义辨析。句意：首先，有一天我遇到的一个女孩告诉我，她正在为“超级”马拉松训练，指的是52.4英里的双马拉松。A. asking要求；B. looking看；C. waiting等待；D. training训练。根据后文“referring to a 52.4-mile double marathon”可知，女孩要跑双马拉松，所以此处应是为之训练，符合语境。故选D项。

　　【44题详解】

　　考查动词词义辨析。句意：说实话，我讨厌它!A. made制作；B. believed相信；C. hated讨厌；D. deserved值得。根据前文“Then, the next day I went on my longest run — 15 miles.”以及后文“Between the girl making my 5 seem small and the pure boredom of jogging”可知，作者最长跑了15 miles和女孩一比微不足道，所以是讨厌这个成绩。故选C项。

　　【45题详解】

　　考查名词词义辨析。句意：在那个女孩面前，我的成就显得微不足道，再加上慢跑的无聊，我决定我再跑步的唯一理由就是有一只大狗在追我! A. advantage优势；B. achievement成就；C. contribution贡献；D. influence影响。根据前文“Then, the next day I went on my longest run — 15 miles.”以及后文“seem small”可知，作者最长跑了15 miles，而女孩在为52.4 miles做训练，所以应是作者的成就微不足道。故选B项。

　　【46题详解】

　　考查名词词义辨析。句意：在那个女孩面前，我的成就显得微不足道，再加上慢跑的无聊，我决定我再跑步的唯一理由就是有一只大狗在追我!A. way方式；B. risk风险；C. place地方；D. reason理由。根据后文“I’d ever run again is if a big dog was running after me!”可知，有一只大狗在追“我”，“我”才会再跑步，这里说的是跑步的原因。故选D项。

　　【47题详解】

　　考查动词短语辨析。句意：所以我开始骑自行车。A. gave up放弃；B. went on继续；C. turned to转向；D. dealt with处理。根据前文“I decided that the only 6 Id ever run again is if a big dog was running after me!”可知，作者决定放弃跑步，所以此处应是转向骑自行车。故选C项。

　　【48题详解】

　　考查动词词义辨析。句意：我梦想着参加自行车比赛，直到我飞到圣地亚哥去看我妹妹。A. heard听到；B. dreamed梦想；C. complained抱怨；D. approved批准。根据后文“of entering cycle races”结合选项可知，此处应是作者梦想着参加自行车比赛，符合语境。故选B项。

　　【49题详解】

　　考查动词词义辨析。句意：有一天她上班的时候，我借了她的自行车去兜风。A. painted把……描绘成；B. borrowed借；C. bought买；D. parked停(车)。根据前文“I flew to San Diego to visit my sister”以及后文“went for a ride”可知，作者去看妹妹，所以要去骑行的话，应是向妹妹借自行车。故选B项。

　　【50题详解】

　　考查名词词义辨析。句意：问题是：那里的道路穿过很大的山谷，我一次要骑上坡好几英里。A. problem问题；B. secret秘密；C. principle原则；D. advice建议。根据后文“I’d be riding uphill for miles at a time. I’d never faced such 11 .”可知，作者要骑上坡好几英里，这对他来说，是一个问题。故选A项。

　　【51题详解】

　　考查名词词义辨析。句意：我从来没有遇到过这样的挑战。A. dangers危险；B. events事件；C. opponents对手；D. challenges挑战。根据前文“The 10 : The roads there went through large valleys where I’d be riding uphill for miles at a time.”可知，作者要骑上坡好几英里，这对他来说是一个挑战。故选D项。

　　【52题详解】

　　考查动词词义辨析。句意：。那天，我被大约100个习惯了这种道路的“当地”骑自行车的人超过了。A. passed超过；B. convinced说服；C. admired欣赏；D. stopped阻止。根据前文“I’d never faced such 11 .”可知，作者骑上坡好几英里是个挑战，所以是被很多人超过。故选A项。

　　【53题详解】

　　考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当我回到家，突然骑自行车似乎不那么吸引人了。A. reliable可信赖的；B. convenient方便的；C. familiar熟悉的；D. appealing吸引人的。根据前文“That day, I got 　　12　　by about 100 “local” bikers who were used to such roads.”可知，作者那天骑行被100多人超过，所以此时是觉得骑自行车似乎不那么吸引人了。故选D项。

　　【54题详解】

　　考查动词词义辨析。句意：从那以后我成熟了很多。A. traveled旅行；B. matured (情感和认识)成熟；C. missed思念；D. worried担心。根据后文“I’ve come to accept that whatever 　　15　　 I set for myself, they just have to be my own.”可知，作者不再轻易放弃，所以是成熟了很多。故选B项。

　　【55题详解】

　　考查名词词义辨析。句意：我已经开始接受这样一个事实：无论我为自己设定什么目标，它们都必须是我自己的。A. limits限制；B. dates日期；C. goals目标；D. tests测试。根据后文“I set for myself, they just have to be my own.”可知，此处应是“无论我为自己设定什么目标，它们都必须是我自己的”，符合语境。故选C项。

　　第二节 （共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）

　　阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

　　Heatherwick Studio recently built a greenhouse at the edge of the National Trust’s Woolbeding Gardens. This beautiful structure, named Glasshouse, is at the centre of a new garden that shows how the Silk Road influences English gardens even in modern times.

　　The latest ____56____ (engineer) techniques are applied to create this protective ____57____ (function) structure that is also beautiful. The design features ten steel “sepals (萼片)” made of glass and aluminium (铝). These sepals open on warm days ____58____ (give) the inside plants sunshine and fresh air. In cold weather, the structure stays ____59____ (close) to protect the plants.

　　Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse ____60____ (walk) visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for ____61____ first time. These plants included modern Western ____62____ (favourite) such as rosemary, lavender and fennel. The garden also contains a winding path that guides visitors through the twelve regions of the Silk Road. The path offers over 300 plant species for visitors to see, too.

　　The Glasshouse stands ____63____ a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route ____64____ brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the _____65_____ (rich) of gardening in England.

　　【答案】56. engineering

　　57. functional

　　58. to give

　　59. closed 60. walks

　　61 the 62. favorites

　　63. as 64. which##that

　　65. richness

　　【解析】

　　【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Heatherwick工作室最近公布的一个新项目——一个位于国家信托基金会伍尔贝丁花园边缘的动态温室，并详细描述了该温室的设计、功能、以及它如何与丝绸之路的历史和丝绸之路花园相结合。

　　【56题详解】

　　考查名词。句意：最新的工程技术被用来创造一个同样美丽的保护功能结构。根据句意可知，空处考查短语engineering techniques，意为“工程技术”，符合句意。故填engineering。

　　【57题详解】

　　考查形容词。句意：最新的工程技术被用来创造一个同样美丽的保护功能结构。空处修饰名词structure，应用形容词作定语functional，符合题意。故填functional。

　　【58题详解】

　　考查非谓语动词。句意：温室在温暖日子里开放，利用液压系统为内部植物提供阳光和通风。use sth. to do sth.为固定搭配，表示“使用某物去做某事”，所以空处应用动词不定式形式作宾语补足语。故填to give。

　　【59题详解】

　　考查形容词。句意：然后在寒冷的天气里，这个结构保持关闭，以保护亚热带植物。空处用于stays之后作表语，应用形容词closed，表示“紧闭的”，符合题意。故填closed。

　　【60题详解】

　　考查时态和主谓一致。句意：此外，围绕温室的丝绸之路花园带领游客走过一段受古丝绸之路影响的旅程。walk sb. through，意为“带领某人穿过……”，空处为本句谓语动词，根据上文可知，本句时态为一般现在时，主语the Silk Route Garden为单数，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填walks。

　　【61题详解】

　　考查冠词。句意：亚洲和欧洲之间的贸易路线第一次为英国带来了丝绸、香料和许多植物。固定搭配：for the first time，意为“第一次”，符合句意。故填the。

　　【62题详解】

　　考查名词的数。句意：这些植物包括现代西方最受喜爱的迷迭香、薰衣草和茴香。favorite是可数名词，意为“特别受喜爱的东西”，根据空后such as rosemary, lavender and fennel可知，空处应用名词的复数形式。故填favorites。

　　【63题详解】

　　考查介词。句意：Mark Woodruff补充说：“这是当代设计的最高成就，在丝绸之路的尽头，中国亚热带西南部的植物群从温带的欧洲穿过山脉、干旱的土地和高山牧场，这些植物从亚洲的原生栖息地带到英国，定义了英国园艺的丰富和荣耀。”根据句意可知，空处指的是“作为”，应用介词as。故填as。

　　【64题详解】

　　考查定语从句。句意：Mark Woodruff补充说：“这是当代设计的最高成就，在丝绸之路的尽头，中国亚热带西南部的植物群从温带的欧洲穿过山脉、干旱的土地和高山牧场，这些植物从亚洲的原生栖息地带到英国，定义了英国园艺的丰富和荣耀。”空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词design，先行词指物，关系词在定语从句中作主语，用关系代词which或that引导从句。故填which/that。

　　【65题详解】

　　考查名词。句意：Mark Woodruff补充说：“这是当代设计的最高成就，在丝绸之路的尽头，中国亚热带西南部的植物群从温带的欧洲穿过山脉、干旱的土地和高山牧场，这些植物从亚洲的原生栖息地带到英国，定义了英国园艺的丰富和荣耀。”空处与glory并列，应用名词形式richness，作介词of的宾语。故填richness。

　　第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）

　　第一节 （满分15分）

　　66. 假定你是李华，上周五你们班在公园上了一堂美术课。请你给英国朋友Chris写一封邮件分享这次经历，内容包括：

　　（1）你完成的作品；

　　（2）你的感想。

　　注意：

　　（1）写作词数应为80个左右；

　　（2）请按如下格式在答题纸的相应位置作答。

　　Dear Chris,

　　I’m writing to share with you an art class I had in a park last Friday.

　　______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

　　Yours,

　　Li Hua

　　【答案】

　　Dear Chris,

　　I’m writing to share with you an art class I had in a park last Friday.

　　We were tasked to draw or paint something that impressed us most. Inspired by the fantastic scenery, I decided to create a watercolor painting of the small bridge over the park’s pond, surrounded by blooming flowers.

　　The entire experience was incredibly refreshing. Being surrounded by nature not only sparked my creativity but also offered a much-needed break from the usual hustle and bustle of school life. I felt a deep sense of peace as I painted.

　　In a word, It was not just an art class; it was a moment of connection with nature that I truly cherished.

　　Yours,

　　Li Hua

　　【解析】

　　【导语】本篇是应用文写作。要求考生给Chris写一封信, 分享在公园上美术课的经历。

　　【详解】1. 词汇积累

　　决定：decide→determine

　　整个的：entire→whole

　　提供：offer→provide

　　总之：in a word→in short

　　2. 句式拓展

　　简单句变复合句

　　原句：Inspired by the fantastic scenery, I decided to create a watercolor painting of the small bridge over the park’s pond, surrounded by blooming flowers.

　　拓展句：Because I was inspired by the fantastic scenery, I decided to create a watercolor painting of the small bridge over the park’s pond, which was surrounded by blooming flowers.

　　【点睛】[高分句型1]We were tasked to draw or paint something that impressed us most. (that引导的定语从句)

　　[高分句型2] I felt a deep sense of peace as I painted.(as引导的时间状语从句)

　　第二节 （满分25分）

　　67. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。

　　I met Gunter on a cold, wet and unforgettable evening in September. I had planned to fly to Vienna and take a bus to Prague for a conference. Due to a big storm, my flight had been delayed by an hour and a half. I touched down in Vienna just 30 minutes before the departure of the last bus to Prague. The moment I got off the plane, I ran like crazy through the airport building and jumped into the first taxi on the rank without a second thought.

　　That was when I met Gunter. I told him where I was going, but he said he hadnt heard of the bus station. I thought my pronunciation was the problem, so I explained again more slowly, but he still looked confused. When I was about to give up, Gunter fished out his little phone and rang up a friend. After a heated discussion that lasted for what seemed like a century, Gunter put his phone down and started the car.

　　Finally, with just two minutes to spare we rolled into the bus station. Thankfully, there was a long queue (队列) still waiting to board the bus. Gunter parked the taxi behind the bus, turned around, and looked at me with a big smile on his face. "We made it," he said.

　　Just then I realised that I had zero cash in my wallet. I flashed him an apologetic smile as I pulled out my Portuguese bankcard. He tried it several times, but the card machine just did not play along. A feeling of helplessness washed over me as I saw the bus queue thinning out.

　　At this moment, Gunter pointed towards the waiting hall of the bus station. There, at the entrance, was a cash machine. I jumped out of the car, made a mad run for the machine, and popped my card in, only to read the message: "Out of order. Sorry."

　　注意：

　　（1）续写词数应为150个左右；

　　（2）请按如下格式在答题纸的相应位置作答。

　　I ran back to Gunter and told him the bad news.

　　______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

　　Four days later, when I was back in Vienna, I called Gunter as promised.

　　______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

　　【答案】参考范文

　　Para 1

　　I ran back to Gunter and told him the bad news. He looked at me in disbelief, asking me what to do. Flashing him another apologetic smile, I begged him for a delayed payment. “If I miss this last bus to Prague, I’ll be late for the conference which is so important that I can’t afford to miss it!” I explained. “May I have your phone number? I will call you and return the money I owe you. I promise I will keep my word or you keep my watch!” I added, handing him my watch as well as my business card. Gunter accepted my business card but rejected my watch. He wrote down his phone number and gave it to me. “Just keep your promise, Sir.” A feeling of gratitude washed over me as I heard his words. Giving him a firm handshake, I jumped out of the car, made a mad run for the bus, and jumped onto it just before its departure.I ran back to Gunter and told him the bad news. He looked at me in disbelief, asking me what to do. Flashing him another apologetic smile, I begged him for a delayed payment. “If I miss this last bus to Prague, I’ll be late for the conference which is so important that I can’t afford to miss it!” I explained. “May I have your phone number? I will call you and return the money I owe you. I promise I will keep my word or you keep my watch!” I added, handing him my watch as well as my business card. Gunter accepted my business card but rejected my watch. He wrote down his phone number and gave it to me. “Just keep your promise, Sir.” A feeling of gratitude washed over me as I heard his words. Giving him a firm handshake, I jumped out of the car, made a mad run for the bus, and jumped onto it just before its departure.

　　Para 2

　　Four days later, when I was back in Vienna, I called Gunter as promised. He picked me up at the bus station where he had dropped me off four days before. Beaming a warm smile at him, I gave him a big hug the moment I saw him. We chatted happily on the way to the airport. I told him that thanks to his generosity and timely help, everything had gone smoothly. When he stopped his taxi outside the airport, I paid him for the “double car ride”, back and forth from the airport to the bus station, together with a generous tip that he turned down. I also gave him an attractive souvenir I had bought at Prague, which he accepted with delight. We became good friends and kept in touch with each other regularly. I felt blessed to have such a warm-hearted friend like Gunter.Four days later, when I was back in Vienna, I called Gunter as promised. He picked me up at the bus station where he had dropped me off four days before. Beaming a warm smile at him, I gave him a big hug the moment I saw him. We chatted happily on the way to the airport. I told him that thanks to his generosity and timely help, everything had gone smoothly. When he stopped his taxi outside the airport, I paid him for the “double car ride”, back and forth from the airport to the bus station, together with a generous tip that he turned down. I also gave him an attractive souvenir I had bought at Prague, which he accepted with delight. We became good friends and kept in touch with each other regularly. I felt blessed to have such a warm-hearted friend like Gunter.

　　【解析】

　　【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者在一次因风暴延误的旅途中，匆忙搭乘出租车前往车站赶最后一班去布拉格的公共汽车。司机冈特不熟悉车站位置，通过电话求助后顺利抵达。到达时作者却发现自己没带现金，尝试用葡萄牙银行卡支付没有成功，而车站的取款机也故障了。

　　【详解】1.段落续写：

　　①由第一段首句内容“我跑回到冈特那里，告诉他这个坏消息。”可知，第一段可描写作者留下冈特的电话，承诺会还钱给对方，冈特同意，最终作者及时登上了公共汽车。

　　②由第二段首句内容“四天后，当我回到维也纳时，我按照承诺给冈特打了电话。”可知，第二段可描写作者付费给冈特，并向对方表示感激，两人成为了好朋友。

　　2.续写线索：作者给出解决办法——承诺还钱——冈特同意——作者登上公共汽车——履行承诺还钱——两人成为朋友

　　3.词汇激活

　　行为类

　　①拒绝：reject/refuse

　　②给某人拥抱：give sb. a hug/embrace sb.

　　③记下，写下：write down/set down

　　情绪类

　　①难以置信地：in disbelief/incredibly/unbelievably

　　②开心地：happily/joyfully

　　【点睛】【高分句型1】He picked me up at the bus station where he had dropped me off four days before.（运用了where引导的限制性定语从句）

　　【高分句型2】When he stopped his taxi outside the airport, I paid him for the “double car ride”, back and forth from the airport to the bus station, together with a generous tip that he turned down.（运用了when引导的时间状语从句，that引导的限制性定语从句）