关于过去完成时的用法 过去完成时表示发生在过去的两个动作在前的那一个,它表示句子中描述的动作发生在“过去的过去”。下面是小编为您收集整理关于过去完成时的用法了,欢迎阅读! 过去完成时的用法1 过去完成时的基本形式: 过去完成时由had+过去分词构成,因……
关于过去完成时的用法
过去完成时表示发生在过去的两个动作在前的那一个,它表示句子中描述的动作发生在“过去的过去”。下面是小编为您收集整理关于过去完成时的用法了,欢迎阅读!
过去完成时的用法1
过去完成时的基本形式:
过去完成时由had+过去分词构成,因此无人称变化
肯定式:I had/I'd worked等
否定式:I had not/hadn't worked等
疑问式:had I worked等
否定疑问式:had I not/hadn't I worked等
过去完成时的时态用法:
1. 过去完成时是与现在完成时相当的过去式:
现在完成时:Ann has just left.If you hurry you’ll catch her.(安刚刚走。如果你快一点,就能追上她。)
过去完成时:When I arrived Ann had just left.(我到的时候,安刚刚离开。)
但是,过去完成时不像现在完成时那样限于表达未指明时间的动作,因此可以说:He had left his case on the 4∶40 train.(他把手提箱丢在4点40分的火车上了。)
2.现在完成时可以和 since/for/always等词连用,表示一个开始于过去并仍在继续或刚刚结束的动:
与此同理,过去完成时也可以用来表示在所说的过去某一时刻之前就已开始的动作。
1)在该时刻仍然在继续。
例如:Bill was in uniform when I met him.He had been a soldier for ten years.(我遇到比尔的时候,他身穿军服。那时他已经当了十年兵了。)
2)在该时刻停止或刚刚停止。
例如:The old oak tree, which had stood in the churchyard for 300 years, suddenly crashed to the ground.(屹立在教堂墓地上已300百年之久的老橡树突然间哗啦一声巨响倒在地上。)
但应注意,过去完成时还可以用来表示:
3)在所说时刻之前某一时候停止的'动作。
例如:He had served in the army for ten years; then he retired and married.(他在军队里服役十年,后来退伍并结了婚。)
3. 过去完成时也是一般过去时的过去时,用来表示叙述者或主语在过去的某一时刻回顾更早的动作:
例如:He met her in Paris in 1977.He had last seen her ten years before.Herhair had been grey then; now it was white.(1977年他在巴黎遇见了她。他上一次见到她是十年之前。那时她的头发是灰白的,这时已经全白了。)
过去完成时的用法2
一、不用进行时的动词
1)事实状态的动词
have, belong, possess, cost, owe, exist, include, contain, matter, weigh, measure, continue
I have two brothers.
This house belongs to my sister.
2)心理状态的动词
Know, realize, think see, believe, suppose, imagine, agree, recognize, remember, want, need, forget, prefer, mean, understand, love, hate
I need your help.
He loves her very much.
3 )瞬间动词
accept, receive, complete, finish, give, allow, decide, refuse.
I accept your advice.
4)系动词
seem, remain, lie, see, hear, smell, feel, taste, get, become, turn
You seem a little tired.
二、用一般过去时代替完成时
1)构成will / be going to do sth.
2)概念
a.状态完成:表示某事继续到将来某一时为止一直有的状态。
b.动作完成:表示将来某一时或另一个将来的动作之前,已经完成的`动作或一获得的经验。
They will have been married for 20 years by then.
You will have reached Shanghai by this time tomorrow.
三、过去完成时
1)概念:表示过去的过去
其构成是had +过去分词构成。
那时以前那时现在
2)用法
a.在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。
She said (that) she had never been to Paris.
b.状语从句
在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中,发生在先,用过去完成时;发生在后,用一般过去时。
When the police arrived, the thieves had run away.
c.表示意向的动词,如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等,用过去完成时表示"原本…,未能…"
We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't.
3)过去完成时的时间状语before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。
He said that he had learned some English before.
By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself.
Tom was disa
典型例题ppointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.
典型例题
The students ___ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she ___ in the office.
A. had written, left B,were writing, has left C. had written, had left D. were writing, had left
答案D. "把书忘在办公室"发生在"去取书"这一过去的动作之前,因此"忘了书"这一动作发生在过去的过去,用过去完成时。句中when表示的是时间的一点,表示在"同学们正忙于……"这一背景下,when所引导的动作发生。因此
前一句应用过去进行时。
注意:had no … when还没等……就……
had no sooner… than刚……就……
He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it.
过去完成时的用法3
表示在过去某一时刻或动作以前完成了的动作,即“过去的过去”,可以用“ by、before等”介词短语或一个时间状语从句来表示,也可以用一个表示过去的动作来表示,还可以通过上下文来表示。
叙述过去发生的事,在以叙述了过去发生的事情后,反过来追述或补述以前发生的动作时,常常用过去完成时。
在含有定语从句的.主从复合句中,如果叙述的是过去的事,先发生的动作常用过去完成时。
过去完成时常常用在宾语从句(或间接引语)中,这时从句中的动作发生在主句表示的过去的动作之前。
在包含有“when、until等”连词的复合句中,如果主句谓语动词和从句谓语动词所表示的过去动作不是同时发生的,那么先发生的动作常用过去完成时表示。
动词“think、want、hope、mean、plan、intend等”用过去完成时表示过去未曾实现的想法,希望,打算或意图等。
过去完成时还可用在“hardly...when,no sonner...than...,It was the first ( second,etc)time(that)...等”固定句型中。
过去完成时的用法4
过去完成时(The Past Perfect Tense):表示过去某一时间或动作以前已经发生或完成了的动作,对过去的某一点造成的某种影响或是结果,用来指在另一个过去行动之前就已经完成了的事件。它表示动作发生的时间是“过去的过去”,侧重事情的结果。
一、 概念: 表示过去的过去,其构成是had +过去分词。
1.肯定句:主语+had+动词过去分词+其他.
2.否定句:主语+had+not+动词过去分词+其他.
3.疑问句:Had+主语+动词过去分词+其他?
肯定回答:Yes,主语+had.
否定回答:No,主语+hadn't.
4.特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词或词组+had+主语+过去分词+其他?
5.被动语态:主语+had(not) +been+动词过去分词+其他.
二、 用法:
1. 表示某一动作在过去某一时刻之前已完成。例如:
He had gone to bed by 10:00 last night. (昨夜十点钟之前他已上床去睡了。)
2. 与一般过去时搭配,表达某一动作在过去的动作发生时已完成。例如:
The train had started when I got to the station. (当我到达车站时火车已开走了。)
The minute I saw a lady getting off the bus, I knew it was she, for I had seen her before. (我一看到正在下公共汽车的那位女士就知道是她,因为我以前看见过她。)
解说: 使用过去完成时在简单句里表达某一动作在过去的某一时刻已完成时,该过去的时刻常以“by +过去时间”的短语来表达。
例如下面的说法是不正确的:
He had gone to bed at 10:00 last night.
若是要说“at 10:00 last night”就必须用一般过去时“He went to bed...”。 请再观察下面的句子试比较:
It had rained yesterday. (误)
It rained yesterday.(正)
或许你会说:“昨天下了雨,可是今天已放晴了,下雨已是过去的事,而且已经下完了,所以就用过去完成时……。”这就是最令同学们对一般过去时和过去完成时感到混淆和困惑的。实际上只要我们了解下面的'两点原则就可以消除这种现象。
1. 由过去的时间作状语来修饰动词的句子都使用一般过去时。
2. 除非从谈话的先后关系和上下文关系对过去的动作完成的基准点可以确定以外,应该避免在简单句中使用过去完成时。
过去完成时的用法5
定义
过去完成时表示过去的时间或者动作之前已经发生或完成的动作。
可用“过去的过去”来概括。
句子结构
Had+过去分词
用法
过去的某一动作之前已发生某事,可用由before、after、by the time(等到;到……时候)、by the end of(到……结束时)等时间词引导的,或者也可从上下文中得知动作发生的先后。
By the end of last year, we had learned English for five years.
截止到去年年底,我们已经学了两年英语。
By the time I drove to the airport, the plane had already set off.
在我开车到达机场之前,飞机已经起飞了。
在讲过去发生的事情,例如故事,过去的`经历等
The story began when a girl was 10. Her parents had died for six years because of an accident. Her name was Kelly, she lived with her grandma……
故事开头讲一个10岁的女孩。她的父母因为一声意外已经过世有六年了。她的名字叫凯莉,她与她的外婆一起住……
it was the first/second/third……time+句子
It was the first time I had slept outside.
这是我第一次在外头过夜。
It was the second time I had made that mistake.
这是我第二次犯得错误。
常用在宾语从句、状语从句、定语从句中
He said that he had been in China for twenty years. (宾)
他说他在中国已有二十年了。
When I got to school, I realized that I had left my backpack. (状)
当我到达学校时,我意识到我忘了带书包。
She showed me her photos she had took. (定)
她把她拍的照片拿给我看。
5、用于hope(希望)、intend(想要;打算)、mean(意味着)、think(认为)等动词表示未实现的愿望
I had hoped to get home yesterday, but I missed the train.
我本希望是昨天到家的,但错过了火车。
I had thought to watch a film but I did not finish my homework.
我本想着要看一场电影,但我没有做完作业。