高考相近词汇的词语辨析

高考相近词汇的词语辨析

　　高考英语词语辨析:alive, living, live的区别

　　三者均可表示“活着的”，区别如下：

　　1. alive 主要用作表语(有时可用作后置定语，但不用作前置定语)，可用于人或动物。如：

　　He must be still alive. 他一定还活着。

　　He’s the happiest man alive. 他世上最幸福的人。

　　注：若 alive 本身有修饰语，则也可用作前置定语。如：

　　He is a really alive student. 他的确是一个十分活跃的学生。

　　2. living 可用作表语或定语，可用于人或物。如：

　　Are your grandparents still living? 你的祖父母还健在吗?

　　Both plants and animals are living things. 动物和植物都是生物。

　　alive 和 living 表示“活着的”，两者含义很接近，只要句法适合，有时可互换。如：

　　谁是当代最伟大的诗人?

　　正：Who is the greatest living poet?

　　正：Who is the greatest poet alive?

　　若需严格区分，两者仍有差别：living 通常是客观描述某人“尚在人间”或“健在”，而 alive 则主要指生与死的“界限”。如：

　　He was still alive when I reached the hospital. 当我赶到医院时他还活着。

　　3. live 通常只用作定语(前置)，可用于动物或植物，但一般不用于人。如：

　　He bought some live fish. 他买了几条活鱼。

　　Only a few live trees were left after the fire. 火灾之后只剩下几棵树还活着。

　　高考英语词语辨析：about, on, with用法辨异

　　这三个介词的用法既有相同之处，也有不同之处。分述如下：

　　1. 三者均可表示“随身带着”，有时可互换。如：

　　I have no money about [on, with] me. 我身边没带钱。

　　2. 严格说来，这三个词是有区别的：

　　(1) about 一般指随身带的小物品。如：

　　Have you a ballpoint pen about you? 你身上带圆珠笔了吗?

　　2) with 多指带较大的东西(也可指较小的东西)。如：

　　He took an umbrella with him. 他随身带了把伞。

　　3) on 表示带在身上(如在口袋里)。如：

　　Have you any money on you? 你身上带着钱吗?

　　注：此例若用 with 或 about，则不一定放在身上，可能放在皮包里等。

　　3. 用于引申义，表示某人或某物的特性或特征，通常用 about。如：

　　There is something noble about him. 他有一种高贵的气质。

　　He always has his wits about him. 他一向不失机智(www.nmet168.com)。

　　We can see something beautiful about the old cottage. 从这座古老的小屋本身我们可以看到一些美的东西。

　　注：以上用法中的 about 有时可与介词 in 换用，前者侧重指外在表现，后者侧重指内在素质。

　　高考英语词语辨析：after 与 behind 用法辨析

　　两者均可表示“在……之后”，既有相同之处，也有不同之处。分述如下：

　　1. after 主要用于时间或次序，behind 主要用于位置。如：

　　He decided to leave after lunch. 他决定午饭后离开。

　　Summer comes after spring. 春去夏来。

　　The hospital is behind the post office. 医院在邮局后面。

　　注：behind 有时也用于时间，表示“迟于”，主要用于 behind time(迟，晚)这一习语。如：

　　The train was 20 minutes behind time. 火车晚点 20 分钟。

　　2. 两者都可用于引申义，after 侧重指追求、寻找、模仿等;而behind 则侧重指在背后、支持、落后等。如：

　　The police are after her. 警察在追捕她。

　　Many young people are after her. 许多年青人都追求她。

　　We are behind you completely. 我们完全支持你。

　　He is behind the others in maths. 他的数学不如别人。

　　高考英语词语辨析：accident 与 incident辨析

　　1. accident 指偶然发生的不幸事件，即“事故”;incident 则指普通的小事件，也指暴力性的政治事件。如：

　　About ten people were killed in the car accident. 在这次车祸中大约有10个人丧生。

　　That was one of the strangest incidents in my life. 那是我一生中最奇怪的事情之一。

　　The book is about the July 7th Incident. 这本书是关于七七事变的。

　　2. 在习语 by accident (偶然地)中，不能用 incident。如：

　　I found the wallet quite by accident. 我找到这个钱包纯属偶然。

　　高考英语词语辨析：如何辨析area, region 与 district

　　三者均可表示“地区”，区别如下：

　　1. area 是这组词中用得最广的，表示的“地区”可大可小，但通常不指行政分区。如：

　　I find the people in this area very friendly. 我发现这个 地方的人很友好。

　　2. region 通常指较大的地区，它既可以表示一个国家的行政分区，也可以指非行政分区。如：

　　The southeast is the richest of England. 英国的东南部是最富有的。

　　Italy is divided into 20 regions. 意大利被分为20个行政区。

　　其他用例：

　　the Arctic region 北极地区 an oil region 石油产区

　　in country regions 在农村地区 a forest region 林区

　　3. district 指相对于 region 稍小的地区，通常指一个国家或城市的行政分区，有时也指非行政分区。如：

　　The letters SW1 stand for a postal district of London. SW1 这几个字母代表伦敦的邮政分区。

　　The busiest shopping district in Beijing is around Wangfujing Street. 北京最热闹的商业区是王府井大街一带。

　　高考英语抓分训练：动词和动词短语辨析

　　1.His friends suggest that he should take any job he can get and shouldn't________and choose.

　　A.pick B.take

　　C.start D.mind

　　2.The statement said five people died at the scene in this accident, while 15 others, their teacher included, were ________ dead by the afternoon.

　　A.convinced B.described

　　C.committed D.confirmed

　　3. The colour of that Tshirt ________ and made all the other clothes pink.[来源:www.shulihua.net]

　　A.went B.disappeared

　　C.ran D.fell

　　4. It ________ unusual courage and determination to make the break with his family.

　　A.took B.needed

　　C.spent D.shared

　　5. Lucy has ________ all of the goals she set for herself in high school and is ready for new challenges at university.

　　A.acquired B.finished

　　C. concluded D.achieved

　　6. He has talents by which he might ___ _____ himself.

　　A.expose B.admire

　　C.distinguish D.hide

　　7.The US government on Wednesday ________ former Commerce Secretary Gary Locke as ambassador to China, making him the first ChineseAmerican ever to take the post.

　　A.accumulated B.reflected

　　C.distinguished D.confirmed

　　8. Miss Green often said “God helps those who help themselves”， intending to ________ on us the significance of being independent.

　　A.base B.impress

　　C.focus D.rely

　　9.One reason why the housing prices in big cities are going up all the time is that people are ________ into overcrowded cities in great numbers.[来源:www.shulihua.net]

　　A.breaking B.pouring[来源:www.shulihua.net]

　　C.filling D.squeezing

　　10.Do not fear them, for there is nothing covered that will not be ________， and nothing hidden that will not be made known.

　　A.criticized B.defined

　　C.estimated D.revealed

　　11.Learning to ________ makes it easier for one to get along with others in work and life.

　　A.create B.live

　　C.share D.learn

　　12.Recently the south of our country has been worst ________ by the drought.

　　A.impressed B.affected

　　C.expressed D.designed

　　13.Your daughter ________ to be a famous musician, so you should keep her practising the piano.

　　A.promises B.agrees

　　C.expects D.pretends

　　14.It's no surprise she's leaving the course—she's never really________.

　　A.fitted in B.showed up

　　C.given in D.burnt up

　　15.I listened carefully to his long b oring speech, but could not ________ what he was talking abou t.

　　A.pick out B.bri ng out

　　C.make out D.give out

　　16.—Did you see Jay Chou at his album signing?

　　—Not really.We waited in line for an hour, only to be ________ at the door.

　　A.turned away B.turned out

　　C.turned off D.turned up

　　17. Whenever I look at these photos, they will ________ happy memories of my stay in New York.

　　A.call off B.call for

　　C.call up D.call on

　　18. The secretary has a lot of things to ________ in the office since she has been away for quite a few days.

　　A.take up B.make up

　　C.work out D.carry out

　　19.It is so noisy in the restaurant and hard for us to________a conversation.

　　A.go on B.keep on

　　C.carry on D.take on

　　20.—Shall I ________ the raincoat?

　　—No hurry. Leave it where it is. It looks like rain.

　　A.put away B.put on

　　C.put forward D.put up

　　21. A wellwritten composition ________ good choice of words and clear organization.

　　A.calls on B.call s for

　　C.calls up D.calls off

　　22.—Why are you ________ your things?

　　—Well, the fact is, I've decided to leave.

　　A.picking up B.packing up

　　C.putting up D.taking up

　　23.A cellphone could ________the energy which could activate your brain.

　　A.give away B.give off

　　C.give back D.give up

　　24. How much you earn is not very important.It is how you earn the money that ________.

　　A.counts B.values

　　C.minds D.means

　　25.That pretty girl really ________ my eye the moment the performance started.

　　A.caught B.held

　　C.pulled D.fixed

　　26. While prices are rising so fast, many people are working out ways to ________down their expenses.

　　A.cut B.put

　　C.turn D.settle

　　27.The China National Environmental Monitoring Centre________ air quality in urban areas from levels one to five: excellent, fairly good, slightly polluted, poor and dangerous.

　　A.distributes B.arranges

　　C.classifies D.divides

　　28. Some parents are just too protective. They want to ________ their kids from every kind of danger, real or imagined.

　　A.spot B.dismiss

　　C.shelter D.distinguish

　　29. My brother is very tall. The little bed won't ________ for him.

　　A.prepare B.match

　　C.fit D.do

　　30.—If your son keeps practising, he ________ to make a famous crosscountry skier in our province.

　　—I'm thrilled with joy and very grateful to you, Mr Li.

　　A.wants B.hopes

　　C.promises D.wishes

　　31.Both parents and teenagers should try their best to communicate more with each other and ________ the gap between them.

　　A.open B.adjust

　　C.narrow D.reduce

　　32.What you should do is just ________ the milk until it boils and then turn off the gas.

　　A.watch B.notice

　　C.sense D.attend

　　33.One primary goal of UNESCO is to ________ modern knowledge society in which all people can participate in information and knowledge.

　　A.make up B.polish up

　　C.build up D.give up

　　34.After decades of effort, the city is still trying to ________ how to ban smoking in public places.

　　A.look through B.get through

　　C.figure out D.take out

　　35.The public ________ Yuan Longping, a great mind who has devoted himself to the research into hybrid ri ce(杂交水稻).

　　A.live up to B.look up to

　　C.come up with D.put up with

　　36.—Jack can't concentrate on his lessons recently.

　　—Yes, that might ________ why he did so badly in the last test.

　　A.answer for B.apply for

　　C.account for D.call for

　　37.We did have a quarrel about money last night, but now we have already ________.

　　A.taken up B.made up

　　C.put up D.brought up

　　38.More and more rich people have promised to ________ their wealth after death to help the poor and the disabled.

　　A.give away B.give up

　　C.give out D.give off

　　39.It is reported that the police will soon ________ the case of the two missing children.

　　A.look upon B.look after

　　C.look into D.look out

　　40.The middleaged man said he would accept the job, so we have asked him to ________ his acceptance in writing.

　　A.confirm B.convey

　　C.convince D.consider

　　41.Remember to ________ a good state of mind even if you should fail plenty of times.

　　A.take up B.brush up

　　C.get up D.keep up

　　42.Had she ________ her promise，she would have made it to Yale University.

　　A.looked up to B.lived up to

　　C.kept up with D.come up with

　　43.Just as Professor Scotti often ________ it, success is ninetynine per cent of mental attitude.

　　A.gets B.makes

　　C.puts D.means

　　44.The keys were ________ to our neighbours du ring our absence.

　　A.given out B.given away

　　C.given over D.given up

　　答案详解：

　　1.A 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他的朋友建议他应该做他能得到的任何工作而不应该挑挑拣拣。

　　2.D 考查动词辨析。句意：有报告称，5人在这次意外事故中当场死亡，然而另外的15人包括他们的老师在内截止到下午被证实死亡。be confirmed dead被证实死亡。

　　3.C 考查动词词义辨析。此处run意为“褪色”。句意：那件T恤衫的颜色掉了，把其他所有衣服都染成了粉红色。

　　4.A 考查动词的用法。此处it为形式主语，后面的to make the break with his family是真正的.主语。

　　5.D 考查动词词义辨析。此处achieve意为“完成，做到，获得(胜利等)，达到(目的)”，指克服困难之后取得成功、成就或实现预期的目标，强调结果。根据其宾语all of the goals可判断出“Lucy达到/实现了所有的目标”。acquire 取得，获得;finish 完成，结束;conclude 结束，终止。

　　6.C 考查动词辨析。此处expose 意为“揭露，揭发;使曝光;显示”;admire意为“钦佩;赞美”;distinguish 意为“区分;辨别;使杰出，使表现突出 ”;hide 意为“隐藏;隐瞒”。句意：他有一些别于常人的能力。

　　7.D 考查动词词义辨析。此处confirm sb as意为“任命某人为……”。句意：星期三美国政府任命原商务部部长Gary Locke为中国大使，使他成为第一个担任这个职位的美籍华人。

　　8.B 考查动词词义辨析。此处impress on sb sth意为“使……意识到某事”。句意：格林女士经常说：“天助自助者”，她有意识地使我们意识到独立的重要性。

　　9.B 考查动词词义辨析。此处pour into意为“涌向……”。句意：大城市房价一直上升的原因之一是人们大量地涌入过度拥挤的大城市。

　　10.D 考查动词词义辨析。criticize批评;define限制;estimate估计;reveal揭发，揭露。句意：不要害怕，没有不被揭露的事情，任何隐藏的事情都得被人们知道。

　　11.C 考查动词词义辨析。create创造;live生活;share分享;learn学习。句意：学会分享可以使人在工作和生活中与他人相处得更容易。

　　12.B 考查动词词义辨析。impress刻印;affect影响;express表达;design设计。句意：最近，我国南方受到了最严重的旱灾的影响。[来源:www.shulihua.netwww.shulihua.net]

　　13.A 考查动词词义辨析。此处promise表示“很可能，预示”。agree同意;expect期待;pretend假装。句意：你女儿有可能成为著名的音乐家，所以你应该让她练习弹钢琴。

　　14.A 考查动词短语辨析。fit in适应，合得来;show up 出现，露面;give in屈服;burn up烧光。句意：她离开这个课程一点儿也不奇怪。她从来没有真正适应过。

　　15.C 考查动词短语辨析。此处make out意为“弄明白”。句意：我仔细地听了他冗长而令人厌烦的演讲，但没能明白他在讲什么。

　　16.A 考查动词短语辨析。此处turn away意为“拒绝”。句意：……我们排队等了一个小时，结果在门口被拒绝了。

　　17.C 考查动词短语辨析。此处call up意为“唤起”。句意：每当我看到这些照片，它们就会唤起我在纽约的美好回忆。

　　18.B 考查动词短语辨析。 句意：秘书要把办公室留下的许多事补回来，因为她已经外出好多天了。make up“弥补”，符合语境。take up占据;work out算出;carry out执行。都不合句意。

　　19.C 考查动词短语辨析。此处carry on意为“继续”。句意：饭店太吵闹了，我们很难继续谈话。

　　20.A 考查动词短语辨析。此处put away意为“把……收起”。句意：“我把雨衣收起来好吗?”“不急。把它放在原处。天看起来要下雨。”

　　21.B 考查动词短语辨析。句意：一篇写得好的文章需要好的措词和清晰的结构。此处call for意为“需要”。

　　22.B 考查动词短语辨析。此处pack up意为“收拾”。句意：“你为什么收拾你的东西?”“事实是我决定离开。”

　　23.B give away 捐赠; give off 发出，放出;give back 归还;give up 放弃。故选B。

　　24.A 考查 动词词义辨析。句意：你挣多少钱不重要，重要的是你怎样挣钱。

　　25.A 考查动词词义辨析。此处catch one's eye意为“吸引某人的眼球，引起某人的注意”。

　　26.A 考查动词短语辨析。cut down削减，缩短，砍倒;put down放下，写下，批评，奚落，贬损;turn down关小，调低，拒绝;settle down安顿下来。与费用(expenses)有关时，常用削减(cut down)费用。句意：当价格飞涨时，许多人做出了削减费用的举措。故A为最佳答案。

　　27.C 考查动词辨析。句意：国家环境监控中心把城市空气质量分成五级……。cla ssify 表示“分类”，故选C项。distribute 分配，散布;arrange 安排;divide 分割，分开。

　　28.C 考查动词辨析。根据前一句中的内容可知父母想给孩子提供“庇护”，让他们避免各种危险，无论是真实的，还是想象的。spot认出，发现; dismiss开除，解散; distinguish区分。都不符合语意。shelter…from… 保护……免受(危险等)。

　　29.D 考查动词辨析。do for sb意思是“适合……，对……有效”。

　　30.C 考查动词词义辨析。此处promise意为“有希望成为……”。句意：“如果你的儿子坚持训练，他有望成为我们省著名的跨国飞行员。”“我非常高兴，也很感激你，李老师。”

　　31.C 考查动词词义辨析。此处narrow意为“缩小，使……变窄”。

　　32.A 考查动词词义辨析。watch关注;notice注意到;sense感觉;attend参加。句意：你应该做的事就是看着牛奶直到它开了，然后关掉煤气。

　　33.C 考查动词短语。题意：建立现代化的知识社会，让所有人都能参与信息与知识，是联合国教科文组织的主要目标之一。build up建立;make up弥补，虚构，整理，和解，化妆;polish up改善，润色;give up放弃。

　　34.C 考查动词短语辨析。look through看穿，浏览;get through做完，通过;figure out解决，想出办法;take out拿出，取出。句意：经过几十年的努力，这座城市仍然在试图解决如何禁止在公共场合吸烟的问题。

　　35.B 考查动词短语辨析。根据语意“人们尊敬袁隆平，这位全身心地投入杂交水稻研究的伟人”可知选B项。look up to 尊敬;live up to 不辜负，达到;come up with 提出，想到;put up with 容忍，忍受。

　　36.C 考查动词短语辨析。语境：那有可能是他上次考试考得如此糟糕的原因。account for 是……的原因，说明，解释;answer for 对……负责;apply for 向……申请;call for 需要。

　　37.B 考查动词短语辨析。句意：昨天晚上我们确实因为钱的问题吵了一架，但现在我们已经和好了。注意关键信息did have a quarrel和but。take up占据(时、空)，从事;make up弥补，和解;put up举起，张贴;bring up教育，培养，提出。根据句意可知B项正确。

　　38.A 考查动词短语辨析。give away分发;give up放弃;give out 用完，分发，发出;give off发出(气味，热、光等)。句意：越来越多的富人承诺他们死后把他们的财产分发下去以帮助穷人及残疾人。

　　39.C 考查动词短语辨析。句意：据报道，警察很快会调查两名失踪儿童的案件。look into调查;look upon尊敬; look after照看; look out小心。

　　40.A 考查动词词义辨析。confirm承认，确认;convey传递;convince说服;consider 考虑。根据句意选A。

　　41.D 考查动词短语辨析。此处keep up意为“保持”。句意：即使你失败多次，你也要记得保持良好的心态。

　　42.B 考查动词短语辨析。句意：如果她不辜负她的诺言的话，她会成功地进入耶鲁大学。

　　43.C 考查动词词义辨析。此处put意为“说，表达”。句意：正如Scotti教授所说，成功取决于99%的精神态度。

　　44.C 考查动词短语的用法。句意：当我们不在时，我们把钥匙交给了我们的邻居。此处give over意为“交给”。