非谓语动词语法：动名词的用法

非谓语动词语法：动名词的用法

　　在英语的学习生活当中，我们会接触到动名词，那么你知道它怎么用呢？下面是小编整理的非谓语动词语法：动名词的用法，希望对大家有所帮助。

　　非谓语动词语法：动名词的用法 1

　　doing → being done

　　having done → having been done

　　动名词的基本用法：

　　(1)主语：

　　Saving is easier than doing.

　　His coming here will be a great help.

　　It is no use waiting here, he has left.

　　There is no getting along with him.(简直无法和他相处)

　　(2)表语：

　　His job is keeping the hall clean as possible.

　　Seeing is believing.

　　(3)宾语：

　　a. 动词宾语：

　　He admitted taking the book.

　　I do mind your smoking here.

　　重磅要点：下列动词须跟动名词作宾语：

　　admit, appreciate, avoid, complete, delay, deny, enjoy, fancy, finish, mind, practice, resent, risk, suggest, allow, permit...

　　特注：以allow为例：allow + doing sth(动名词作宾语)。但可以：Allow sb to do sth(不定式作宾补)。

　　这类动词常见如 advise, allow, permit, recommend, etc.

　　b. 作介词宾语：

　　He left without saying goodbye to us.

　　I'm looking forward to meeting you.(to 在这里是介词)

　　(4)定语：

　　reading room swimming pool walking stick

　　动名词时态：

　　I am thinking of setting a new dictionary.(以后)

　　He never talked to me about his having been in Paris.(以前)

　　动名词语态：

　　He doesn't like being flattered.

　　I heard of his having been chosen to be the coach of the team.

　　动名词复合结构：

　　由名词所有格或物主代词与动名词构成。

　　His leaving is a great loss.

　　Mother dislikes my (me) working late.

　　John's having seen her did not make her worried.

　　注：动名词复合结构多作主语或宾语，作主语是必须是所有格。如上二例，但作宾语时可以用所有格，也可用普通格。

　　动名词与不定式在用法上的几点比较：

　　(1)在 begin，start，continue 等词后用动名词或不定式区别不大。

　　He began writing / to write in 1980.

　　(2)下列动词跟不定式或动名词所表示意义差别很大，注意使用。

　　He stopped talking. 停止讲话。

　　He stopped to talk. 停下来开始讲话。

　　Please remember to post the letter. 记住寄走这封信。

　　I remember posting the letter. 我记得寄出了这封信。

　　I forgot to lock the door yesterday. 昨天我忘记锁门了。(未锁)

　　I forgot telling him the news. 我忘了我曾告诉过他这个消息。(做过的事情忘记了)

　　非谓语动词语法：动名词的用法 2

　　动名词

　　1）动名词与不定式的区别：

　　动名词表达的是： 状态，性质，心境，抽象，经常性，已发生的

　　不定式表达的是： 目的，结果，原因，具体，一次性，将发生的

　　2）有些动词如continue接不定式或动名词作宾语，意义基本相同。

　　3）有些动词如continue接不定式或动名词作宾语，意义大相径庭。

　　特殊词精讲

　　1. stop doing/to do

　　stop to do　停止，中断做某事后去做另一件事，stop doing　停止做某事。例如：

　　They stop to smoke a cigarette.　 他们停下来，抽了根烟。

　　I must stop smoking.　　我必须戒烟了。

　　She reached the top of the hill and stopped ___　on a big rock by the side of the path.

　　A. to have rested　B. resting　 C. to rest　D. rest

　　答案：C。由题意可知，她到了山顶，停下来在一个路边的大石头上休息。因此，应选择"stop to do sth. 停下来去做另一件事"。而不仅仅是爬山动作的终止，所以stop doing sth.不正确。

　　2. forget doing/to do

　　forget to do　忘记要去做某事，forget doing　忘记做过某事。例如：

　　The light in the office is still on. He forgot to turn it off. 办公室的灯还在亮着，他忘记关了。（没有做关灯的动作）

　　He forgot turning the light off. 他忘记他已经关了灯了。（已做过关灯的动作）

　　---- The light in the office is still on. ---- Oh，I forgot___.

　　A. turning it off　 B. turn it off

　　C. to turn it off　 D. having turned it off

　　答案：C。由the light is still on 可知灯亮着，即关灯的动作没有发生，因此用forget to do sth.而forget doing sth表示灯已经关上了，而忘记了这一事实。此处不符合题意。

　　3. remember doing/to do

　　remember to do 记得去做某事，remember doing　记得做过某事。

　　例如：

　　Remember to go to the post office after school. 记着放学后去趟邮局。

　　Don't you remember seeing the man before? 你不记得以前见过那个人吗?

　　4. regret doing/to do

　　regret to do　对将要做的`事遗憾，

　　regret doing　对做过的事遗憾、后悔。例如：

　　I regret to have to do this, but I have no choice. 我很遗憾必须这样去做，我实在没有办法。

　　I don't regret telling her what I thought.　我不为告诉她我的想法而后悔。

　　---You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting.

　　---Well, now I regret ___ that.

　　A. to do　 B. to be doing

　　C.　to have done　 D.　having done

　　答案：D。regret having done sth. 对已发生的事感到遗憾。regret to do sth. 对将要做的事感到遗憾。本题为对已说的话感到后悔，因此选D。

　　5. cease doing/to do

　　cease to do 长时间，甚至永远停做某事，

　　cease doing　 短时停止做某事，以后还会接着做。例如：

　　That department has ceased to exist forever. 那个系已不复存在。

　　The girls ceased chatting for a moment when their teacher passed by.

　　姑娘们在老师走过时，停了会聊天。

　　6. try doing/to do

　　try to do　努力，企图做某事，try doing　试验，试着做某事。例如：

　　You must try to be more careful. 你可要多加小心。

　　I tried gardening but didn't succeed. 我试着种果木花卉，但未成功。

　　7. go on doing/to do

　　go on to do　做了一件事后，接着做另一件事，

　　go on doing　继续做原来做的事。例如：

　　After he had finished his maths，he went on to do his physics. 做完数学后，他接着去做物理。

　　Go on doing the other exercise after you have finished this one. 作完这个练习后，接着做其他的练习

　　8. be afraid doing/to do

　　be afraid to do　不敢，胆怯去做某事，是主观上的原因不去做，意为"怕"，

　　be afraid of doing　担心出现doing的状况、结果。doing 是客观上造成的，意为"生怕，恐怕"。例如：

　　She was afraid to step further in grass because she was afraid of being bitten by a snake.

　　她生怕被蛇咬着，不敢在草丛中再走一步。

　　She was afraid to wake her husband. 她不敢去叫醒她丈夫。

　　She was afraid of waking her husband. 她生怕吵醒她丈夫。

　　9. be interested doing/to do

　　be interested to do　对做某事感兴趣，想了解某事，

　　be interested in doing　 对某种想法感兴趣，doing 通常为想法。

　　I shall be interested to know what happens. 我很想知道发生了什么事。（想了解）

　　I'm interested in working in Switzerland. Do you have any idea about that?

　　我对在瑞士工作感兴趣。你想过这事吗? （一种想法

　　10. mean to doing/to do

　　mean to do　 打算、想，

　　mean doing　意味着。例如：

　　I mean to go, but my father would not allow me to. 我想去，但是我父亲不肯让我去。

　　To raise wage means increasing purchasing power. 增加工资意味着增加购买力。

　　11. begin（start） doing/to do

　　1） 谈及一项长期活动或开始一种习惯时，使用doing。例如：

　　How old were you when you first started playing the piano? 你几岁时开始弹钢琴？

　　2） begin, start用进行时时，后面动词用不定式to do。例如：

　　I was beginning to get angry。我开始生起气来。

　　3） 在attempt, intend, begin, start 后接know, understand, realize这类动词时，常用不定式to do。例如：

　　I begin to understand the truth。我开始明白真相。

　　4） 事物作主语时。例如：

　　The snow began to melt.雪开始融化了

　　12. 感官动词 + doing/to do

　　感官动词 see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel + do

　　表示动作的完整性，+doing 表示动作的进行性。例如：

　　I saw him work in the garden yesterday. 昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。（强调"我看见了"这个事实）

　　I saw him working in the garden yesterday.（强调"我见他正干活"这个动作）昨天我见他正在花园里干活。

　　典型例题

　　1）They knew her very well. They had seen her ___ up from childhood.

　　A. grow　 B. grew

　　C. was growing　 D. to grow

　　答案：A。因题意为，他们看着她长大，因此强调的是成长的过程，而非正在长的动作，因此用see sb do sth 的句型。

　　2）The missing boy was last seen ___ near the river.

　　A. playing　 B. to be playing　　C. play　　D. to play

　　答案A. 本题强调其动作，正在河边玩，应此用see sb. doing sth句型。