动词过去式和过去分词有规则变化和不规则变化两种。 1) 规则变化情况 例词 读音与说明动词原形 过去式 过去分词一般在动词原形后加-ed lookcallopenneed lookedcalledopenedneeded looked called opened needed ①-ed在清辅音音素后发音为t,在浊辅……
动词过去式和过去分词有规则变化和不规则变化两种。
1) 规则变化情况 例词 读音与说明动词原形 过去式 过去分词一般在动词原形后加-ed lookcallopenneed
lookedcalledopenedneeded
looked
called
opened
needed
①-ed在清辅音音素后发音为t,在浊辅音后发音为d,在元音后发音也为d ②-ed在t 、d后发音为id ③但fix的过去式和过去分词x不双写,为fixed.
以-e结尾的动词加-d movephonehopeagree
movedphonedhopedagreed
moved
phoned
hoped
agreed
以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,变y为i,再加-ed
studycarrytry
studiedcarried
tried
以原音字母加y结尾的词,直接加-ed
playenjoystay
playedenjoyedstayed
末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词,双写该辅音字母,再加-ed
stopplanfit
stoppedplannedfitted
以-r音节结尾的词,双写r字母,再加-ed
preferrefer
preferred
referred
2) 不规则变化英语中有些动词的过去式和过去分词形式变化不规则,可分为五种情况。
1.动词原形、过去式和过去分词完全同形。例:cut(切)hit(打)cast(扔)hurt(伤害)put(放)let(让)shut(关)cost(花费)set(放)rid(清除)
2.过去式与过去分词完全同形。例:find(找到)pay(支付)leave(离开)lend(借出)meet(遇见)keep(保持)lose(丢失)teach(教)sit(坐)lead(引导)win(赢)除)
foundpaidleftlentmetkeptlosttaughtsatledwon
3.动词原形与过去分词同形例:原形 过去式 过去分词come(来)run(跑)become(成为)
cameranbecame
comerunbecome
4.动词原形、过去式、过去分词形式完全不同。例:原形 过去式 过去分词give(给)fly(飞)drink(喝)see(看见)go(去)know(知道)wear(穿)speak(说)
gaveflewdranksawwentknewworespoke
givenflowndrunkseengoneknownwornspoken
5.过去式和过去分词有两种形式例:原形 过去式 过去分词burn(燃烧)
burned burnt
burned burntlearn(学习)
learned learnt
learned learntsmell(闻)
smelled smelt
smelled smeltspell (拼写)
spelled spelt
spelled speltshine (照射)
shined shone
shined shoneleap (跳)
leaped leapt
leaped leapt
提示:
a. beat的过去式与原形同形:比:
beat(打击) beat(过去式) beaten(过去分词)
b. lie有规则变化和不规则变化两种,含义不同比:lie lied, lied(说谎)lay, lain(躺,位于)
c. hang 有规则变化和不规则变化两种,含义不同比:hang hanged, hanged(处绞刑)hung, hung(挂,吊)
d. welcome(欢迎)一词是规则动词,不可误用为不规则动词比:welcome welcomed, welcomed(正)welcome, welcome(误)
e.不要将不规则动词误用为规则动词比:hit(打) hit, hit(正)