大学英语四级语法精要：时态，语态，短语动词

大学英语四级语法精要：时态，语态，短语动词

　　大学英语四级考试是由中华人民共和国教育部主办，中华人民共和国教育部教育考试院（原教育部考试中心）主持和实施的大规模标准化考试，是全国性的教学考试，其目的是促进中国大学英语教学工作，对大学生的英语能力进行客观、准确地测量，为提高中国大学英语课程的教学质量提供服务。以下是小编精心整理的大学英语四级语法精要：时态，语态，短语动词，仅供参考，欢迎大家阅读。

　　大学英语四级语法精要：时态，语态，短语动词

　　1.时态

　　1)现在完成进行时态 (have/has been + -ing 分词构成): 动作或状态从过去某时开始,继续到现在,可能继续下去,也可能刚刚结束.

　　I’ve been writing letters for an hour.

　　I’ve been sitting in the garden.

　　2)过去完成进行时(由had been + ing分词构成): 过去某个时刻以前一直在进行的动作

　　I’d been working for some time when he called.

　　We had been waiting for her for two hours by the time she came.

　　3)将来完成进行时: 将来某个时刻以前一直在进行的动作.

　　By next summer, he will have been working here for twenty years.

　　In another month’s time she’ll have been studying here for three years.

　　4)将来完成时(由shall/will have + 过去分词构成): 将来某时会业已发生的事.

　　I shall have finished this one before lunch.

　　They’ll have hit the year’s target by the end of October.

　　2.语态

　　1) 可以有两种被动结构的类型,例如:

　　He was said to be jealous of her success.

　　It was said that he was jealous of her success.

　　能同时适用于上述两个句型的主动词通常都是表示“估计”,“相信”等意义的动词,常见的有assume,believe,expect,fear,feel,know,presume,report,say,suppose,understand等.

　　It is supposed that the ship has been sunk.

　　The ship is supposed to have been sunk.

　　担当be supposed to 与不定式的一般形式搭配时往往表示不同的意义.例如:

　　Why are you driving so fast in this area? You are supposed to know the speed to know the speed limit. (你应该晓得速度限制)

　　2) 双宾语及宾补结构的被动语态

　　a) 双宾语结构的被动语态: 双宾语结构变为被动语态时,可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语,另一个宾语仍然保留在谓语后面,但多数是把间接宾语变为主语.

　　He was asked a number of questions at the press conference.

　　Two days were allowed them for making the necessary preparations.

　　b) 宾补结构的被动语态:

　　She was called Big Sister by everybody.

　　Then he was made a squad leader.

　　He was considered quite qualified for the job.

　　The room was always kept clean and tidy.

　　3.短语动词

　　1) Vi + adv

　　The plane took off two hours late.

　　2) Vi + prep

　　They looked round the Cathedral.

　　3) Vi + prep (有被动语态)

　　She’s looking after her sister’s children.

　　The children were always well looked after.

　　4) Vi + adv + prep

　　I began to look forward to their visits.

　　5) Vt + O + adv

　　Some women choose to stay at home and bring up their children.

　　The children were brought up by their mother.

　　They took him on.

　　6) Vt + adv + O (无被动语态)

　　I am trying to give up smoking.

　　7) Vt + O + prep

　　We talked Donald into agreement.

　　拓展：大学英语四级语法

　　(1) 改变时态

　　The bell is ringing now. (一般)

　　There goes the bell! (高级)

　　(2) 改变语态

　　People suggests that the meeting be put off. (一般)

　　It is suggested that the meeting be put off. (高级)

　　(3 )使用过去分词

　　Lisa walked out of the room and many guys followed her. (一般)

　　Followed by many guys, Lisa walked out of the lab. (高级)

　　(4) 使用v-ing 形式

　　When she arrives, please give me a call. (一般)

　　On her arriving, please give me a call. (高级)

　　(5) 使用不定式

　　He is so kind that he can do me a favor. (一般)

　　He is so kind as to do me a favor. (高级)

　　(6) 使用虚拟语气

　　The patient didn’t die because there were the efforts of the doctor. (一般)

　　But for the efforts of the doctor, the patient would have died. (高级)

　　(7) 使用强调句型

　　I was born in 1987. (一般)

　　It was in 1987 that I was born. (高级)

　　(8) 使用倒装

　　Though I’m sick, I’ll carry on. (一般)

　　Sick as I am, I’ll carry on. (高级)

　　(9) 使用并列句

　　If you go through the gate, you’ll find me. (一般)

　　Go through the gate, and you’ll find me. (高级)

　　(10) 使用名词性从句

　　She happened to have met him. (一般)

　　It happened that she had met him. (高级)

　　(11) 使用定语从句

　　The girl is spoken highly of. Her homework was well done. (一般)

　　The girl whose homework was well done is spoken highly of. (高级)

　　(12) 使用状语从句

　　I won’t believe what he says. (一般)

　　No matter what he says, I won’t believe. (高级)