大学英语四级写作高分技巧：简洁才是美

大学英语四级写作高分技巧：简洁才是美

　　英语四级考试目的是推动大学英语教学大纲的贯彻执行，对大学生的英语能力进行客观、准确的测量，为提高我国大学英语课程的教学质量服务。以下为您带来大学英语四级写作高分技巧：简洁才是美，欢迎浏览！

　　大学英语四级写作高分技巧：简洁才是美1

　　简洁才是美

　　好的写作，首先而且至关重要的一点就是简洁。繁冗的写作堆砌了许多无用的词藻，反而减弱表述的清晰度。当然，也不能仅仅因为简短就认为短句一定优于长句。只要一个单词确实能起到一定的作用，它就应该留在句中。一般来说，只有在进行强调或修饰、美化句子时，才能使用重复的单词、语音和短语。修改文章，就是要删繁就简。比较下面这对句子，注意体会二者的差别及效果。

　　1) Dr. Sun Yat-sen went to Japan by means of a big boat.

　　2) Dr. Sun Yat-sen went to Japan by boat.

　　斜体字部分较啰嗦，因为"by"就是"by means of boat"。

　　请看下列例句

　　Wordy: It makes me feel painful to think that she has to work 12 hours a day and seven days a week.

　　Better: It pains me to think that she has to work 12 hours a day and seven days a week.

　　Wordy: It will be our aim to ensure proper health care for each and every one of the Chinese people.

　　Better: Our aim is to ensure proper health care for all Chinese.

　　Wordy: This book will help you master the basic elements of good writing.

　　Better: This book will help you master the basics of good writing.

　　Wordy: The search of the forest that they conducted was entirely complete.

　　Better: The search of the forest was complete.

　　或They conducted a complete search of the forest.

　　第二个句子合乎汉语表达习惯，即他们对森林进行了彻底的搜查。

　　Wordy: He has no sense of principles, whether he is in public or in private.

　　Better: He has no principles, public or private.

　　Wordy: Whenever anyone telephoned her to ask her for help with their homework she always obliged right away.

　　Better: She immediately obliged anyone who telephoned for help with homework.

　　Wordy: In a cautious manner the car went around the corner.

　　Better: The car negotiated the corner.

　　Wordy: If the government agency finds that an individual has received a payment to which the individual was not entitled, whether or not the payment was due to the individual’s fault or misrepresentation, the individual shall be liable to repay to the government the total sum of the payment to which the individual was not entitled.

　　Better: If the government agency finds that you received a payment that you weren’t entitled to, you must pay the entire sum back.

　　Wordy: Another important aspect is good health. It is one of our great blessings. It may be achieved through proper diet and exercise. Rest is also desirable.

　　Better: The great blessing of good health may be had through proper diet, exercise, and rest.

　　词语简化的一些技巧

　　策略之一：用介词短语替代从句。

　　例:

　　Wordy: While they were playing tennis, she started an argument that lasted all morning.

　　Better: During tennis she started an argument that lasted all morning.

　　Wordy: When you come to the second traffic light, turn right.

　　Better: At the second traffic light turn left.

　　策略之二：删除诸如"who is”或"that is"之类的'关系代词，变从句为短语。

　　例:

　　Wordy: The novel, which is written in three parts, told a story that took place in the Middle Ages.

　　Better: The three-part novel told a story set in the Middle Ages.

　　注：把句中的”three parts”改用形容词来表达，节省了四个不必要的单词”which is written in”。我们经常可以将关系代词如”that”去掉，这只会引起最少的变动。

　　策略之三：剔除你不需要的单词

　　"Two joint partners will present their views over a long-distance telephone call. "

　　写完这样的句子后，你自己再读一遍，挑出单词”joint”和”telephone”，注意删去不必要的词。

　　2 策略之四：表达否定意义时，尽量避免使用否定词。英语中很多词不用 "no’s" 或者"not’s"也能表达否定含义的词汇，你尽可以采取更为委婉的表达方式。

　　例：

　　Thus college students who do not have sufficient financial backing ,

　　也就是 college students who lacks sufficient financial backing。

　　如果你不想使用太多的否定词，就应该尽量避免使用它们。

　　大学英语四级写作高分技巧：简洁才是美2

　　大学英语四级写作的评分依据是:切题、条理、语言和字数。所谓切题,就是看写的作文是否跑题;所谓条理是指每一段的议论正反明晰,说明的几个方面清楚,描述的时间正确。

　　一、审题

　　我们拿到作文后第一件事要做的是审题。审题的作用在于写作不跑题(如果跑题,条理和语言再好,也得不到及格分,甚至0分。)审题就是要审作文的体裁和题材。因为什么样的体裁就会用什么样的题材去写。就四级而言,它包括议论文、说明文和描述文。从近些年来看,四级作文不是单一的体裁,而是几种体裁的杂合体。

　　二、组织结构

　　通过审题,我们知道了写作的思路,下边就是怎样组织文章。文章的结构一般包括开头、正文、结尾3部分。就四级作文而言,多为三段式论说文:第一段为开头,点题开篇;第二段为正文,展开论述;第三段为结尾, 总结全文,作出结论。一般的,开头、结尾部分应见解明确,主体部分论证应全面、充分。总之,开头、正文、结尾是一篇文章的有机组成部分,切忌结构不完整或不合理。段落内部的结构通常也分为3部分:提出观点(主题句) ,论证观点(扩展句) ,得出结论(结论句) 。

　　三、开头

　　文章开头的方法有很多,如引语法、主题句法、数字统计法、提问法、举例法等。就四级短文写作而言,最重要的不是采用什么方法,而是要做到以简洁的笔墨引入正题,切忌写成一个狮子头! 。如以On Automobiles为题的文章,有的同学这样开头: Automobile is a means of transporta..tion. In Jinan alone there are over 100, 000 cars. It. s estimated that there are at least 50 million ones in the world. It is a largenumber. From this, we can see that automobiles have become amajor kind of useful vehicle in the world.

　　120字的短文,开头就占用了40多字,留给正文和结论段的篇幅和时间就很少了。何况,这段内容与汽车带来的利弊这一主题关系并不直接,其中的数字也不见得准确。因此,这样的开头不可取。事实上,上段开头完全可以写得简洁直接一些,如: As an important means of transpor..tation, automobiles are enjoying growing popularity all over theworld.

　　四、主题句

　　主题句是全段的核心句,可以帮助读者了解段落的中心思想,限制话题范围,并表明段落展开的方向。它可置于段首,段中或段尾。对于四级写作而言,把主题句置于段首更易于扣住中心展开论述。对主题句的运用有以下几点要求:

　　1.主题句应具有高度概括性,换言之就是整个段落应紧紧围绕主题句来写,不能出现与之无关的内容。

　　2.主题句应是个完整的句子。

　　3.主题句不应过于笼统,否则就失去了对整段的统帅作用。

　　4.主题句不应太具体,否则会没有进一步展开的空间。如: The dictionary is small这样的句子。

　　近年来常见的作文题型是提纲式作文,这些提纲句如果是汉语,往往可以被翻译成英语来充当段落主题句,如果是英语就可以把它扩充成主题句。例如有一年四级题目Good Health ,提纲有三条,分别是:

　　1. Importance of good health

　　2.Ways to keep fit

　　3. My own practice

　　这样的作文要求句就可以扩展成主题句。扩展后三段的主题句分别为:

　　1.It is very important to have good health. (把名词impor..tance变成形容词important)

　　2. There are four ways to keep fit for me. (用there be句型)

　　3. My own practices are the following.

　　五、结尾

　　如前所述,文章的结论应紧扣主题,呼应文章开头。这种呼应不是对开头的简单重复,而是主题的升华或深入。从篇幅来看,结尾应该短小精悍。常见结尾写法有:

　　1. 总结文章主要内容,这是最常见的方法。

　　2.提出希望或展望未来。

　　3.对文章提出的观点进行反问,启发读者思考。如:An open China has realized the importance of business. Whyshould we give up this opportunity and rely on agriculture?

　　4.引用谚语或名人名言印证自己观点。

　　六、条理

　　保证不跑题是写作中第一重要任务,第二个重要任务是条理清楚。对于议论文来说,正反面要清楚,对于说明文来说, 1、2、3条要清楚。对于描述文来说,谁干什么要清楚。举Good Health一例。第一段保持正反面要清楚就应该这样写:主题句( It is very important to have good health) ,正面(With good health, we can……) ,反面(Without good health,we can do nothing. We can. t do……)

　　第二段应这样写:主题句( There are four ways to keepfit) ,从几方面说明: Firstly ,we should have our breakfast in themorning. Secondly, we should have a nap at noon, Thirdly,sports exercises are necessary in the afternoon. And fouth, wecould have a pleasant feeling in the evening by listening to themusic. . . .为了使文章更具条理性,我们可以用first ( ly) , second( ly) , third( ly)等副词,使文章的条理性突出, 作文是主观性题,要想得高分我们必须把评卷老师考虑进去。评卷老师时间很短(每份卷子的作文只有一两分钟就要阅完) 。

　　所以我们在列条条时最好不用: To begin with, after that,and then , the next , the following , at last,因为这样的词语不利于阅卷老师看出你作文的条理性。第三段应这样写:主题句(My own practice are the fol..lowing) ,具体情况(主语为第一人称代词I,与第二段呼应)In the morning , I have my breakfast. At noon, I have a nap.And in the afternoon, I always play football . In the evening, Iusually listen to the classic music.

　　写作是英语学习者语言综合运用能力的体现，它需要日积月累，反复练习才能有所提高。写作本身就是一种再创作，一种思想升华，不同的人会有不同的理解和看法。学习者只要悉心揣摩，细心观察，不断总结，做一个英语学习中的有心人，势必可以熟能生巧，妙笔生花。