管理员初中英语知识点总结[推荐] 总结是指对某一阶段的工作、学习或思想中的经验或情况加以总结和概括的书面材料，它有助于我们寻找工作和事物发展的规律，从而掌握并运用这些规律，让我们抽出时间写写总结吧。你所见过的总结应该是什么样的？下面是小编帮大家整理的初中英语知识……
初中英语知识点总结[推荐]
总结是指对某一阶段的工作、学习或思想中的经验或情况加以总结和概括的书面材料，它有助于我们寻找工作和事物发展的规律，从而掌握并运用这些规律，让我们抽出时间写写总结吧。你所见过的总结应该是什么样的？下面是小编帮大家整理的初中英语知识点总结，供大家参考借鉴，希望可以帮助到有需要的朋友。
初中英语知识点总结1
一、表示时间的介词
时间介词有in , on，at，after，since，during,by,before,after,until等，前三个介词用法有个口诀：at午夜、点与分，上午、下午、晚用in。
年、月、年月、季节、周，之前加上介词in。
将来时态多久后，这些情形亦用in。
日子、日期、年月日，星期之前要用on。
其余几组常见的时间介词辨析如下辨析如下：
1、时间介词in与after的用法辨析
介词in +一段时间用于一般将来时。如：We’ll go to school in two weeks.
介词after +一段时间用于一般过去时。如：My mother came home after half an hour.
介词after +时间点常用于一般将来时。如：We’ll go out for a walk after supper.
2、时间介词for与since的用法辨析
介词for表示一段时间如：I have been living here for 10 years.
介词since表示从过去某一时间以来如：I have been living here since 20xx.
3、时间介词before与by的用法辨析
介词before表示“在…之前”如：He won’t come back before five .
介词by表示“到…时为止，不迟于…”如：The work must be finished by Friday.
4、时间介词during与for的用法辨析
当所指的时间起止分明时用介词during如：He swims every day during the summer.
如果一段时间不明确则用介词for如：I haven’t seen her for years.
5、时间介词till与until用法的异同
till和until用在肯定句中，均可表示“直到…为止”，如：I will wait till（until）seven o'clock．
till和until用在否定句中，均可表示“在…以前”或“直到…才”。
如：Tom didn't come back till（until）midnight．
till多用于普通文体，而until则用于多种文体，并且在句子开头时，用until而不用till如：Until he comes back，nothing can be done．
注意：在last, next, this, that, some, every等词之前一律不用介词。
二、表示方位的介词
常用的表示方位的介词用法及辨析如下：
1、方位介词on, over, above的`用法辨析
介词on表示一物放在另一物上面，两者紧贴在一起，如：The book is on the table.
介词over表示一种垂直悬空的上下关系，即“在…上方”，如：Is there any bridge over the river?
介词above表示一般的“高于…”，“在…之上”，如：There was an electric clock above his bed.
2、方位介词under与below的用法辨析
介词under是over的反义词即“在…下方”，如：They were seen under the tree.
介词below是above的反义词即“低于…”，“在…之下”，如：They live below us.
3、方位介词across,、through、over,、past的用法辨析
介词across着重于“从一头或一边到另一头或另一边”，强调从表面穿过。
如：She went across the street to make some purchases.
介词through着重于“穿越”，强调从一定的空间内穿过。
如：The sunlight was coming in through the window.
介词over多表示从“上方越过”，如：He failed to go over the mountain; he had to go round it.
介词past表示从“面前经过”，如：Someone has just gone past the window.
4、地点介词at与in的用法辨析
介词at表示较小的地方，如家、村、乡村等，如：He lives at a small village.
介词in表示较大的地方，如大城市、国家、洲等，如：He lives in Beijing.
5、表示东南西北的时候，地点介词in、on、to的用法辨析
介词in表示“包含”如：Beijing is in the north of China.
介词on表示“紧邻”如：Canada lies on the north of the U.S.
介词to表示“没接触”如：France lies to the south of England.
三、表示方式、手段、或工具的介词：by,in,on,with.
1、by,in,on,表示交通方式。用by时，交通工具前不用任何词；用in和on时，交通工具前用冠词或形容词性物主代词。例如by car=in a car,by bike=on a bike.
2、表示手段或工具，with后跟具体工具，如I write with a pen;in表示使用某种语言或墨水、颜色等原料，例如：in English.
四、介词的固定搭配
across from在对面
look for寻找
look after照顾
get on with与某人相处
agree with同意（某人）
arrive at(in)到达
ask for询问
begin…with从……开始
believe in相信
break off打断
break out爆发
bring down降低
bring in引进
bring up教育，培养
build up建起
burn down烧光
call back回电话
call for要求约请
call on拜访访问
care for喜欢
carry on继续开展
carry out实行开展
check out查明结帐
come about发生，产生
come out出来
come to共计达到
compare…with与……比较
compare to比作
cut off切断
date from始于
depend on依靠
devote to献于
die out灭亡
divide up分配
dream of梦想
fall off下降
fall over跌倒
feed on以……为食
get down to专心于
get through通过
初中英语知识点总结2
1.should可表示惋惜、忧虑、欢欣、惊讶等感情色彩以及婉转语气。
Its a pity that she leave so soon. 很可惜，她很快就要离开了。(惋惜)
They were worried that their motherland should be in such great
danger.他们因祖国处在如此巨大的危险中而感到忧虑。(忧虑)
It is unbelievable that my brother should be working so
hard.难以置信，我弟弟工作竟然如此努力。(惊讶)
I should think your answer is correct. 我想你的答案该是对的.吧。(婉转)
2.would可用于委婉的陈述、客气的请求和委婉的建议。
I don’t think he would be so careless. 我认为他不会那么粗心。
Would you like to come to my birthday party? 你想来参加我的生日聚会吗?
3.dare可表示“胆敢”。
I dare not say such rude things.我不敢说粗话。
4.need可表示“需要”。
Need I finish the task this afternoon? 我今天下午要完成任务吗?
Tom, you needn’t worry too much. 汤姆，没必要这么担心。
这里借用一下网友总结的记忆口诀：
动词原形接后面，说话语气较委婉。
can 能力may许可，must责任或义务。
否定回答needn’t换，需要need, dare敢。
should应该，would愿，have to被迫表客观。
情态动词虽然数量有限，但用法广泛。清楚所有情态动词的表示意义，对英语遣词造句具有非常重要的作用。
初中英语知识点总结3
形容词/副词的比较级和最高级的构成规则
(1)单音节词和少数以-er，-ow结尾的双音节单词，比较级在后面加-er，最高级在后面加-est。
①单音节单词:small→smaller→smallest short→shorter→shortest
tall→taller→tallest great→greater→greatest
②少数以-er，-ow结尾的双音节单词:clever→cleverer→cleverest narrow→narrower→narrowest
(2)以不发音e结尾的单音节单词，比较级在原形后加-r，最高级在原级后加-st。
large→larger→largest nice→nicer→nicest able→abler→ablest
(3)以一个辅音字母结尾的闭音节(即：辅音+元音+辅音)单词中，先双写末尾的辅音字母，比较级加-er，最高级加-est。
big→bigger→biggest hot→hotter→hottest fat→fatter→fattest
(4)以“辅音字母+y”结尾的.双音节词，把y改为i，比较级加-er，最高级加-est。
easy→easier→easiest heavy→heavier→heaviest
busy→busier→busiest happy→happier→happiest
(5)其他双音节词和多音节词，比较级在前面加more，最高级在前面加most。
beautiful→more beautiful→most beautiful
different→more different→most different
easily→more easily→most easily
(6)有少数形容词、副词的比较级和最高级是不规则的，必须熟记。
good→better→best well→better→best
bad→worse→worst ill→worse→worst
old→older/elder→oldest/eldest
many/much→more→most little→less→least
far →further/farther→ furthest/farthest
初中英语知识点总结4
1、连词：连词由充当宾语从句的句子语气来确定。如果为陈述语气，则用that(可省略);如果为特殊疑问语气，则用适当的.特殊疑问词;如果为一般疑问语气，则用if/whether(是否)。
例如：
He says(that)he lives in beijing.
I don′t know where he works.
Could you tell me if/whether it snows in winter in australia?
注意：在宾语从句中，if后面不能直接跟or not,而whether后面则可以。
例如：
Can you tell me whether or not the train has left.
2、时态
例如：
Do you know who give us a talk?
He asked if it was five o′clock.
注意：宾语从句如果表达客观事实、真理，则不论主句为何种时态，从句一般用一般现在时。
例如：
The teacher told us(that)the earth moves around the sun.
3、语序：宾语从句一律要用陈述语序。
例如：
Li mei asked me where mary was.
4、连接代词：what可以表示“…的话”，“…的事”的意思。
例如：
I can not understand what he said.
5、标点符号：带有宾语从句的复合句用什么标点符号，要依据主句的句式来确定。
例如：
He asked me how many students there were in our class.
Do you know if he will go to the cinema tomorrow?
6、在think/suppose/expect等动词之后的宾语从句中，如果从句谓语是否定含义，则不用否定形式，而将主句谓语动词变为否定形式。
例如：
I don′t think you are right.我认为你不对。
7、宾语从句和连接代词在句中作宾语时，从句中应用及物动词;若从句中的动词是不及物动词，应在其后加介词或副词。
例如：
Please tell me what place he lives in.
8、如果宾语从句是用and连接的并列句，两个宾语从句前都要使用连接词;如果连接词都是that,第一个可以省略，第二个则不能。
例如：
I heard(that)their team won and that the teacher was please.
初中英语知识点总结5
1，一般加s，例如：pen---pens
2，以s，sh，ch，x结尾加es，例如：bus—buses，brush—brushes，watch—watches，box—boxes
3，以辅音字母加y结尾，去掉y为I加es例如：baby---babies
4，以f，fe结尾，去掉f，fe加ves life---lives，leaf---leaves
5，以有生命的o结尾加es例如：hero---heroes，tomato---tomatoes，potato---potatoes，mango---mangoes
6，复合名词遇见man，woman两个词时，两个名词都要加复数A man teacher---two men teachers
初中英语知识点总结6
简单句的五种基本句型
1.“主语+谓语”(即“主谓”句型)
例：They arrived in Harbin yesterday morning.分析：“they”(主语)“arrived”(谓语)。
2.“主语+谓语+宾语”(即“主谓宾”句型)
例：I study English.分析：“I”(主语)“study”(谓语动作)“English”(宾语即动作涉及的对象)。
3.“主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语”(即“主谓双宾”句型)
例：Our teacher taught us English.分析：“our teacher”(主语)“教”(谓语动作)“us”(间接宾语)“English”(直接宾语)。
4.“主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语”(即“主谓宾宾补”句型)
例：He asked her to go there.分析：“he”(主语)“asked”(谓语动作)“her”(宾语即动作涉及的对象)“to go there”(补语—补充说明宾语做什么)。
5.“主语+系动词+表语”(即“主系表”句型)
常用的.系动词有be, keep，lie, remain, stand, become, fall, get, go, grow, turn, look, feel, seem, smell, sound, taste,等。
例：I am a teacher.分析：“I”(主语)“am”(系动词)“a teacher”(表语—即表明主语的身份)。
初中英语知识点总结7
一、need和dare的用法
need和dare既可用作情态动词，也可用作实义动词。用作情态动词时，主要用于否定句和疑问句。用作实义动词时，可用于各种句式。
1、用作情态动词
Need I come? --Yes, you must. --我需要来吗? --需要。 You neednt telephone him now.你现在不必打电话给他。
I dont think you need worry.我想你不必发愁。
She dare not go out alone at night.她晚上不敢一个人出去。
How dare you say Im unfair?你竟敢说我不公平?
Not one of them dared mention this.他们谁也不敢提这件事。
2、用作实义动词
You dont need to do it yourself.你不必亲自做这件事。
We need to tell them the news.我们需要把这消息告诉他们。
The table needs painting (to be painted.).桌子需要油漆一下。
We should dare to give our own opinion.我们要敢于提出自己的观点。
He did not dare (to) look up.他不敢抬头看。
I dare day hell come again.我想他会再来的'。(I dare say…为固定习语)
二、情态动词后跟完完成这项工作的。
He isnt here. He must have missed the train.他还未到，一定是没赶上火车。 Where can (could) he gone?他能到那里去了呢?
You may (might) have read about it.你可能在报上已经读到这件事了。 You could (might) have been more careful.你本来可以更细心的。
He neednt have worried it.他本不必为此事担心。
There was a lot of fun at yesterdays party. You ought to have come, but why didnt you?昨天的聚会非常有意思。你本应该来，为何不来呢?
三、动词be(is,am,are)的用法
我(I)用am,你(you)用are，is跟着他(he)、她(she)、它(it)。单数名词用is，复数名词全用are。变否定，更容易，be后not加上去。变疑问，往前提，句末问号莫丢弃。还有一条须注意，句首大写莫忘记。
四、 this，that和it用法
(1)this和that是指示代词，it是人称代词。
(2)距离说话人近的人或物用this,距离说话人远的人或物用that。如：
This is a flower.这是一朵花。(近处)
That is a tree.那是一棵树。(远处)
(3)放在一起的两样东西，先说this,后说that。如：
This is a pen. That is a pencil.这是一支钢笔。那是一支铅笔。
(4)向别人介绍某人时说This is…,不说That is…。如：
This is Helen. Helen, this is Tom.这是海伦。海伦，这是汤姆。
(5)This is不能缩写,而That is可以缩写。如：
This is a bike. That’s a car.这是一辆自行车。那是一辆轿车。
(6)打电话时，介绍自己用this,询问对方用that。如：
—Hello! Is that Miss Green?喂，是格林小姐吗?
—Yes, this is. Who’s that?是的，我是，你是谁?
注意：虽然汉语中使用“我”和“你”，但英语中打电话时绝不可以说：I am…, Are you…?/Who are you?
(7)在回答this或that作主语的疑问句时,要用it代替this或that。如：
①—Is this a notebook?这是笔记本吗?
—Yes, it is.是的，它是。
②—What’s that?那是什么?
—It’s a kite.是只风筝。
五、these和those用法
this, that, these和those是指示代词，these是this的复数形式，指时间、距离较近的或下面要提到的人或事;those是that的复数形式，指时间、距离较远或前面已经提到过的人或事物。
①This is my bed. That is Lily’s bed.这是我的'床。那是莉莉的床。
②These pictures are good.那些画很好。
③ Are those apple trees?那些是苹果树吗?
在回答主语是these或those的疑问句时，通常用they代替these或those以避免重复。如：
Are these/those your apples?这些(那些)是你的苹果吗?
Yes, they are.是的，他们是。
初中英语知识点总结8
在英语中，谓语动词在人称和数上必须和主语保持一致。
1、以there或here引起的句子，谓语是be动词时，如果主语是并列的几个名词，谓语动词应和最靠近它的一个名词保持人称和数的一致。
例如：
There are two trees and a well behind the house.
Here is an apple,two oranges and some peaches for you.
2、由neither…nor/either…or/not only…but also/not…but等连接的名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词应与最靠近他的一个名词或代词保持人称和数上的一致。
例如：
Neither jack nor I have seen the film.
Either you or I am worry.
Not only you but also he comes here every day.
3、each和由some/any/one/every/构成的复合代词，都作单数看待，谓语动词应用单数形式。
例如：
Each of us has something to say .
Is everyboday ready?
Someboday is using the phone.
4、主语后接with/together with/as well as/but等短语作定语时，谓语形式不受定语的影响。
例如：
The teacher together with his students is going there on foot.
5、many a(许多)和more than one(不止一个)等作定语去修饰作主语的单数可数名词时，谓语动词用单数。
例如：
Many a way has been tried.
6、pair of等表示数量的名词短语修饰主语时，谓语的`形式要与pair等名词形式一致。常见的有：pair of/kind of/type of/box of等。(但a lot of/lots of和a number of不属于这一类)。
例如：
There is a pair of shoes left.
7、从句或短语(包括不定式和动名词)作主语时，往往表达一种抽象概念，谓语动词用单数。
例如：
Waving hand is to say“goodbye”.
What he said is wrong.
8、maths/news/physics/the united states等单数概念，复数形式的名词作主语时，谓语动词多用单数。
例如：
The united states was founded in 1776.
9、时间、距离、金钱、重量、容量等名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
例如：
Twenty years is a long time.
Two hundreds dollars is a lot of money.
10、the number of+名词，谓语动词用单数：a number of+名词，谓语动词用复数。
初中英语知识点总结9
句子成分
1.主语：句子所陈述的对象。
2.谓语：主语发出的动作。一般是有动作意义的动词。
3.宾语：分为动词宾语和介词宾语，属于动作的承受者。
4.系动词：表示状态或状态变化的动词，没有实际的.动作意义。如be,感官系动词(look, sound, smell,
taste和feel)、保持类系动词(keep, stay和remain)、状态变化类系动词(become、get、turn和go)等。
5.表语：紧跟系动词后面的成分。
6.定语：修饰名词或代词的成分。
7.状语：修饰形容词、副词、动词或句子的成分。
8.补语：分为宾语补足语和主语补足语。是对宾语和主语的补充说明，与其有主动或被动的逻辑关系。
例如：You should keep the room clean and tidy.你应该让屋子保持干净整洁。(You是主语，should
keep是谓语，the room是宾语，clean and tidy是宾语补足语。)
This kind of food tastes delicious.这种食物吃起来很可口。(This kind of
food是主语，tastes是系动词，delicious是表语。)
初中英语知识点总结10
一，表示并列关系的连词有：
and,both…and,neither…nor,either…or,not only…but also，as well as
1．and“和，并且”，连接对等的词句。（在否定句中要用or连接。）
I like physics and chemistry.我喜欢物理和化学。
I don’t like physics or chemistry.我不喜欢物理和化学。
2．both…and“……和……都”
Both Jim and Mary went to the cinema yesterday.昨天吉姆和玛丽都去看电影了。
Exercise is good both for body and for mind.运动有益于身心。
3．neither…nor两者皆不
He neither smokes nor drinks.他既不抽烟又不喝酒。
I like neither swimming nor skating.我既不喜欢游泳，又不喜欢溜冰。
4．either…or不是…就是…，或者…或者….。
Either you come to the office now,or wait for me at home.
你要么现在到办公室来，要么就在家等着。
Either he or I will leave.不是他就是我将要离开。
5．not only…but(also)不但……而且……(not only…but also中的also可以省略。)
Not only she but also I am wrong.不但她错了，我也错了。
He not only made a promise,but kept it.他不仅许诺，而且做到了。
6．as well as也、又
We will rescue Henry as well as you.除了你，我们还要营救亨利。
He likes basketball as well as football.除了足球，他还喜欢篮球。
二、常用的从属连词：
（一）引导时间状语从句的连词有：when,while,since,until,after,before,as soon as
1．when当……时
When we got there,the meeting had begun.我们到时，会议已经开始了。
It was raining when she arrived at the station.她到达车站时，正在下雨。588.es
2．while正当……时，正在……时。（while引导的.从句中，谓语动词必须是延续性动词，且常常用进行时。
Don’t make any noise while others are reading.别人读书时不要制造噪音。
She sang while she was walking.她边走边唱。
3．since自从
It’s just a month since we arrived here.我们到这儿刚好一月了。
My mother has been ill since I left home.自从我离开家我妈妈就一直生病。
4．until直到……为止
Until you told me,I knew nothing at all about it.在我告诉我之前，我对此之外无所知。
He didn’t appear until the meeting had begun.直到会议开始他才露面。
5．before在……之前
after在……之后
I’ll phone you after I arrive.我到达之后给你打电话。
Say goodbye before you go.你走之前要说再见。
6．as soon as一……就
I’ll visit you as soon as I come back.我一回来就去拜访你。
Please tell him as soon as you see him.你一看见他就请告诉他。
（二）引导原因状语从句的连词：because,since,as,for,now that
1．because因为(because与so不能并用。)
I can’t believe in him because he isn’t honest.我不能信任他，因为他不诚实。
She didn’t come because she didn’t know it.她没有来，因为她不知道。
2．since既然
Since he says so,it must be true.既然他这么说，那一定是真的。
Since you ask,I will tell you.你既然问，我就告诉你。
3．as因为，由于
As we are hungry,let’s have supper.由于大家饿了，我们就吃晚饭吧。
Mother began to worry about my brother as it was getting dark.
由于天越来越黑，妈妈开始为哥哥着急。
4．for因为
We can't go for it is raining.我们不能走，因为正在下雨。
I enjoyed myself at the party for I knew all the guests well.
我在晚会上玩得很尽兴，因为所有的个人我都很熟悉。
5．now that既然
Now that he is unhappy,let’s leave him alone.既然他不高兴，我们就让他自己呆着吧。
Now that she feels sorry,please forgive her.既然她很后悔，就请原谅她吧。
（三）引导结果状语从句：so…that,such…that
1．so…that如此……以致
She is so tired that he can’t go any further.她太累了，不能再走了。
She is so big a cat that she can’t get into the hole.这猫太大了钻不进这洞。
2．such…that如此……以致
It’s such a beautiful place that I wouldn’t come back.这地方太美了，令我留恋返。
It’s such a fine day that many people go to the park for fun.
天气这么好，许多人都到公园里来玩乐。
（四）引导目的状语从句的连词：so that,in order that以便
They hurried so that they can get there on time.他们加快了速度，为的是能够按时到达。
I hired a boat in order that I can go fishing.为了去钓鱼，我租了条小船。
（五）引导比较状语从句的连词：than,as…as
He is taller than his brother.他比他兄弟高。
She could draw as well as her teacher.她能画得跟她的老师一样好。
（六）引导让步状语从句的连词：though,although（though与although的用法基本一样）
Although it rained hard,he still went out.尽管雨下得很大，他还是出去了。
Even though I have enough time,I don’t want to go there with him.
尽管我有时间，可我并不想跟他去那。
初中英语知识点总结11
作状语，作定语，作表语，作宾补
1.副词的排列顺序
1)时间，地点副词，小单位在前，大单位在后
2)方式副词，短的`在前，长的在后，并用and或but等连词连接。
3)多个不同副词排列：程度+地点+方式+时间副词
注意：副词very可以修饰形容词，但不能修饰动词
副词enough要放在形容词或副词的后面，形容词enough放在名词前后都可。
2副词比较等级
其变化规则与形容词比较等级变化规则相同。 但副词的最高级前一般不加定冠词the.
3辨析：
1)how long, how soon, how ofen, how far
how long: “多久，多长时间”，对一个持续的时间段提问，常对“for+时间段”和“since+时间点”进行提问。
how soon: “多快，多久以后”，对一个短暂性动作提问，用于一般将来时的句子中，常对“in+时间段”进行提问。
how often: “多长时间一次”，对频率提问，常对“once，twice,three times a week”等提问。 how far: “多远”，对距离提问。
2)hard和hardly
hard “努力地，辛苦地，剧烈地，猛烈地”，是程度副词。 hardly ：“几乎不”，是否定副词。
3)much too 和too much
much too “非常，极其，太” 修饰形容词或副词原级 too much “太多” 修饰不可数名词
初中英语知识点总结12
一、陈述句：
陈述句是用来陈述一个事实或表达说话人看法（包括肯定和否定）的句子。通常用降调，句末用句号“.”。
Tom has a new car.汤姆有辆新车。
The flower isn’t beautiful.这花不美。
二、陈述句否定式的构成
1．如果肯定陈述句的谓语部分含有助动词、情态动词或连系动词be，则只需在这些动词后加not即可构成否定式。
He is playing the guitar.他正在弹吉他。（肯定）
He is not playing the guitar.他不在弹吉他。（否定）
We can get there before dark.天黑前我们能够到达那里。（肯定）
We can’t get thee before dark.天黑前我们不能到达那里。（否定）
2．如果陈述句的谓语动词是实义动词，而其中又没有情态动词或助动词时，则需根据人称和时态在该实义动词前加don’t,doesn’t或didn’t。同时把该实义动词变为原形。
He plays the violin well.他小提琴拉的很好。（肯定）
He doesn’t play the violin well.他小提琴拉的不好。（否定）
She won the game.她赢得了比赛。588.es（肯定）
She didn’t win the game.她没赢比赛。（否定）
三、祈使句：
祈使句是用来表示命令、请求、建议、号召等的句子，谓语动词用原形，句末用感叹号“！”或句号“.”。朗读时一般用降调。
1．肯定的祈使句：
（1）祈使句主语是you时，you常省略，但如果要特别强调对方或表达某种强烈的情绪时可以有主语或称呼语。
Be quiet.请安静。
You be quiet!你给我安静点！
（2）“Do+祈使句”表示一种强烈的感情或请求，do起强调作用。
Do come back at once!务必立即返回！
Do be careful.务必小心。
（3）please用在祈使句中可以表示一种客气的语气，但please用在句末时，必须用逗号与其余部分分开。
Open the window,please.请打开窗户。
（4）Let引导祈使句时，后面需跟上人称代词或称呼语，人称代词一般只用第一、第三人称。
Let Jack wait a minute.让杰克等一会。
Let’s go to school.我们上学去吧。
（5）在祈使句中，Let’s和Let us是有区别的。Let’s包括说话者，而Let us不包括说话者在内。这点从反意疑问句时可明显看出。
Let’s go skating,shall we?咱们去溜冰吧，好吗？（表示内部的建议）
Let us try again,will you?让我们再试一次，好吗？（表示向别人发出请求）
一、一般疑问句：
（1）一般疑问句的肯定形式
一般疑问句一般是指以助动词、情态动词、be动词或have（有）开始，通常要求以yes，或no来回答的疑问句，一般疑问句读时通常用升调。
Do you know Mr.Smith?你认识史密斯先生吗？
Can you swim?你会游泳吗？
（2）一般疑问句的否定结构
①在一般疑问句的否定结构中，把副词not放在一般疑问句的主语之后。但如果用not的简略形式-n’t，则须将-n’t与一般疑问句句首的be,have，助动词或情态动词写在一起。在实际运用中，一般都采用简略式。
②与汉语不同的是，英语一般疑问句否定结构的答语是否定还是肯定，全由答语的否定或肯定来决定。若答语是肯定的，则用yes加肯定结构；若答语是否定的，则用no加否定结构。
Aren’t you a football fan?你不是足球迷吗？
Yes,I am.是的，我是。
No,I am not.不，我不是。
Won’t she like it?她会不喜欢吗？
Yes,she will.是的，她会（喜欢）的。
No,she won’t.不，她不会（喜欢）的。
二、特殊疑问句
用疑问代词疑问形容词或疑问副词引导的`疑问句叫特殊疑问句。特殊疑问句不能用yes或no回答，读时用降调。588.es
常见的疑问代词有what,which,who,whom,whose
常见的疑问形容词有what,which,whose
常见的疑问副词有when,where,why,how
三，选择疑问句：
选择疑问句是说话者提出两种或两种以上的不同情况，让对方选择回答的疑问句。其结构是“疑问句+选择部分”。选择部分由or连接，or前面的部分读升调，or后面的部分读降调。
选择疑问句不能用yes或no回答，而必须具体的选择答复。
Is your bag yellow or black?It’s black.。
Would you like some tea or coffee?Either will do.。
Which do you like better,singing or dancing?I like dancing better.
四，反意疑问句：
反意疑问句是指在陈述句之后附加一个意思与之相反的简短问句，问对方是否赞同的疑问句。附加问句的否定式必须缩写。
（1）肯定的陈述句后跟否定的附加问句，否定的陈述句后跟肯定的附加问句。
I am your teacher,aren’t I?我是你的老师，对吗？
He didn’t study hard,did he?他学习不努力，对吗？
（2）如果陈述句中含有否定副词never（从不，决不），hardly（几乎不）或其他表示否定代词或形容词，如nothing,none no one,nobody,neither,few,little等，则附加问句只能用肯定式。如：
They hardly write to each other,do they?他们几乎不给对方写信，是吗？
He has found nothing,has he?他什么也没有找到，是吗？
Few people knew the secret,did they?很少有人知道这个秘密，是吗？
（3）当反意疑问句是“否定陈述句+肯定附加问句”时，英语与汉语的回答习惯存在差异。英语回答时只看实际情况，若答语的具体内容是肯定的就用“Yes+肯定结构”，答语的具体内容是否定的就用“No+否定结构”，而译成汉语时，则必须把yes译“不是”，把no译成“是的”。
You won’t be away for long,will you?你不会离开太久，是吗？
Yes,I will.不，我会离开很久。No,I won’t.是的，我不会离开很久。
I don’t think she’ll come by bike,will she?我认为她不会骑自行车，会吗？
Yes,she will.不，她会骑自行车来。No,she won’t.是的，她不会骑自行车来。
五，掌握由what,how引导的感叹句的构成形式、用法及区别
感叹句是表示喜、怒、哀、乐以及惊异等感情的句子。句末用感叹号“！”，读时用降调，感叹句往往由what或how引导，what修饰名词，how修饰形容词，副词或动词。
1．what引导的感叹句：
（1）what+a/an+形容词+单数可数名词+陈述句（主语+谓语）
What a beautiful city it is!多么美丽的一个城市啊！
What an interesting story she told!她讲了一个多么有趣的故事啊！
（2）what+形容词+复数可数名词/不可数名词+陈述句（主语+谓语）
What expensive watches they are!多贵的手表啊！
What terrible weather it is!多么恶劣的天气啊！
2．How引导的感叹句：
（1）How+形容词/副词+陈述句（主语+谓语）
How cold it is!多冷啊！
How hard he works!他工作多么努力啊！
（2）How+陈述句（主语+谓语）
How he loves his son!他多么爱他的儿子啊！
How I miss you!我多想你啊！
（3）How+形容词+a/an+单数可数名词+陈述句（主语+谓语）
How tall a tree it is!多么高的一棵树啊！
How they cried!他们哭得多伤心啊!
（一）掌握时间和条件状语从句中的时态与主句时态的搭配
（1）时间状语从句：
引导时间状语从句的从属连词有when（当……时候），while（当，在……过程中），since（自从……以来），before（在……之前），after（在……之后），tell/until（直到……时），as soon as（一……就）。如果主句为一般将来时，则时间状语从句只能用一般现在时表示将来的意义。
He was reading the newspaper when I came in.当我进来时，他正在读报纸。
Keep an eye on my cat while I am away.我不在时，请照看一下我的猫。
Don’t talk so loud while others are studying.别人学习时不要大声说话。
It has been five years since she went abroad.她出国已有五年了。
He died before his son came back.他在他儿子回来之前就去世了。
I’ll show him around our factory as soon as he arrives.他一到达我就领他参观我们的工厂。
I’ll tell him about it as soon as I see him.我一见到他就告诉他。
(2)条件状语从句：引导条件状语从句的从属连词是if（如果）。如果主句是一般将来时，条件状语从句只能用一般现在时。
If you stay at home,I’ll go.如果你呆在家里，我就走。
If we don’t get up early,we won’t catch the train.如果我们不早起，我们就赶不上火车。
（二）掌握宾语从句的语序及其时态与主句时态的呼应
（1）宾语从句的语序：
宾语从句的语序一律使用陈述语序。尤其是在把两个独立的句子连成一个含有宾语从句的复合句时必须特别注意：
当宾语从句原为陈述句时，用that引导，语序不变。（注意时态的一致）
Tom isn’t a good student.The teacher told us…→
The teacher told us Tom wasn’t a good student.老师告诉我们汤姆不是一个好学生。
He has given up smoking.She said…→
She said he had given up smoking.她说他已经戒烟了。
当宾语从句原为一般疑问句时，用whether或if连接，语序变为陈述语序。
Is Jim a doctor?I wonder…→
I wonder whether Jim is a doctor.我想知道吉姆是否是个医生。
Does she dance well?Can you tell me…→
Can you tell me if she dances well?你能告诉我她舞跳的是否好吗？
当宾语从句原为特殊疑问句时，特殊疑问词即为连接词，语序变为陈述语序。
She asked me where you were going.她问我你去哪里。
She wondered what he wanted to do.她不知道他想干什么。
（2）宾语从句的时态：
宾语从句的时态原则上应与主句的时态保持一致。
如果主句是现在时态（包括一般现在时，现在进行时和现在完成时），宾语从句可以是实际需要的任何时态。
I am wondering whether he has come or not.我不知道他是否已经来了。（现在完成时）
Please tell me when we’ll have the meeting.请告诉我什么时候开会。（一般将来时）
I don’t know who they are talking about.我不知道他们正在谈论谁。（现在进行时）
I have heard the window was broken by John.我已经听说窗户是被约翰打破的。
如果主句是过去的时态（包括一般过去时，过去进行时），宾语从句必须选用过去的某一时态（即一般过去时，过去将来时，过去进行时或过去完成时等）
He said he would kill her.他说他会杀了她。（过去将来时）
She told us Lucy had returned home.她告诉我们露茜已经回家去了。（过去完成时）
Mary was wondering who could answer the question.
玛丽想知道谁能回答这一问题。（一般过去时）
I didn’t told them where you were having the meeting.
我没有告诉他们你们正在哪儿开会。（过去进行时）
如果宾语从句表示的是科学其理、客观事实或格言警句等，则不管这句是何种时态，从句一律用一般现在时。
Granny told me that the earth moves around the sun.奶奶告诉我地球围绕太阳转。
She said a friend in need is a friend indeed.她说患难朋友才是真正的朋友。
（三）了解定语从句的构成基本形式及基本用法
（1）定语在句中是用来修饰名词或代词的，一般由形容词或与之相当的其它词类来充当。如果起修饰作用的是一个句子的时候，就叫作定语从句。但定语从句不是象形容词那样放于名词前，而是放在名词之后。它所修饰的名词又被叫作先行词。588.es
（2）定语从句的引导词有关系代词：that，which，who，whom，whose和关系副词when，where，why，how。
1．that的先行词可以是人也可以是物。
A plane is a machine that can fly.飞机是一种会飞的机器。
I like the book(that)you lent me yesterday.我喜欢你昨天借给我的那本书。
2．which的先行词只能是物。
The book shop is a shop which sells book.书店是销售书的商店。
The book(which)I read last night was wonderful.我昨晚看的那本书很精彩。
3．who在定语从句中作主语；whom是who的宾格，在定语从句中作宾语；而whose则是形容词性物主代词，在从句中作定语。
The man who visited our school yesterday is an American friend
昨天参观我们学校的人是一位美国朋友。
Who's that woman(whom)you just talked to?
你刚才与之谈话的那个女人是谁?
This is our classmate,Mary,whose home is not far from our school.
这是我们的同学玛丽，她的家离我们学校不远。
4．关系代词whom，which在定语从句中作介词宾语时，可以和介词一起放于先行词与定语从句之间，有时为了关系紧凑也可以将whom与which与先行词紧挨着书写，而将介词置于定语从句的后面，如：
That was the room in which we had lived for ten years.那是我们曾经住了十年的房子。
=That was the room which we had lived in for ten years.
（3）除关系代词外，还有关系副词when，where，why等也能引导定语从句。
1．when用来指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。
I never forget the day when I first came to the Great Wall
我永远也不会忘记我第一次到达长城的那天。
2．where则指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。
This is the house where the old man lives.这就是那位老人住的房子。
3．why用来指原因，作原因状语。
That’s the reason why he didn’t come yesterday.那就是他昨天为什么没有来的原因。
初中英语知识点总结13
一般过去时并不难，表示过去动作、状态记心间。动词要用过去式，时间状语句末站。否定句很简单，didn't 站在动词原形前，其它部分不要变。一般疑问句也好变，did放在句子前，主语、动原、其它部分依次站。特殊疑问句也简单，疑问词加一般疑问句记心间。最后一条请注意，动词过去式要牢记。
一、基本结构
1. 肯定句形式：主语+动词过去式+其他
否定句形式：①was/were+not; ②在行为动词前加didn't，同时还原行为动词
一般疑问句：①was/were提到句首； ②Did+主语+do+其他？
例句She often came to help us in those days. I didn't know you were so busy.
2. 行为动词的一般过去式。
A. 规则动词的变化规则：
1、直接加ed：work—— worked look——looked play——played,
2、.以e结尾的单词，直接加d：live ——lived hope——hoped use——used,
3、以辅音字母+y结尾的，变y为i加ed：study—— studied carry——carried
4、以元音字母+y结尾的，直接加ed：enjoy ——enjoyed
5、 以重读闭音节结尾的，双写最后的辅音字母+ed： stop—— stopped
plan——planned
B. 规则动词过去式的发音：
在清辅音后读/t/，在元音和浊辅音后读/d/，在辅音/t/,/d/后读 /id/。
C. 不规则动词变化需参看不规则动词表逐一熟记。(一般和过去分词一起记忆)。
二、一般过去时的基本用法：
1. 通常表示过去发生的而现在已经结束的事件、动作或情况。
Eg. Sam phoned a moment ago.
I got up at eight this morning.
2. 还可以表示刚刚发生的事情而没说明时间。
Eg. Did the telephone ring?
Who left the door open?
3. 也可以表示过去的习惯性动作。
Eg. I smoked 40 cigarettes a day till I gave up.
4. 与一般过去时连用的时间状语：
yesterday, last week/Sunday/year, …ago, just now…
eg. I met Lily yesterday. I went to Dalian last summer.
I was a good student 5 years ago. He had dinner just now.
常见考法
对于一般过去时的考查，多以单选、句型转换或词语运用的形式考查学生在具体语境中灵活运用时态的能力。在考试中，会让大家判断是否该用一般过去时，或动词过去式的'正确变化，或一般过去时的句型构成。
典型例题1：1. Xiao Lin went fishing this morning.（改为一般疑问句）
解析：这是一道句型转换题，考查到同学们对一般过去时的句型构成的掌握。一般过去时的一般疑问句句型构成为：Did+主语+do+其他？，即句首加 Did，句中过去式还原。
答案：Did Xiao Lin go fishing this morning?
误区提醒
有些句子，虽然没有表示过去确定时间的状语，但实际上是指过去发生的动作或存在的状态的话，也要用过去时，这一点，我们中国学生往往出错，要特别注意！
典型例题1：I didn''t know you (be)in Paris.
解析：题干意思是“我不知道你在巴黎”。因为在说话时，我已经知道你在巴黎了。这句话指的是说话之前，所以只能用过去时表示。实际上，这句话暗指：But now I know you are here.
答案：were
初中英语知识点总结14
简单句的.五种基本句型
1.“主语+谓语”(即“主谓”句型)
例：They arrived in Harbin yesterday morning.分析：“they”(主语)“arrived”(谓语)。
2.“主语+谓语+宾语”(即“主谓宾”句型)
例：I study English.分析：“I”(主语)“study”(谓语动作)“English”(宾语即动作涉及的对象)。
3.“主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语”(即“主谓双宾”句型)
例：Our teacher taught us English.分析：“our
teacher”(主语)“教”(谓语动作)“us”(间接宾语)“English”(直接宾语)。
4.“主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语”(即“主谓宾宾补”句型)
例：He asked her to go there.分析：“he”(主语)“asked”(谓语动作)“her”(宾语即动作涉及的对象)“to go
there”(补语—补充说明宾语做什么)。
5.“主语+系动词+表语”(即“主系表”句型)
常用的系动词有be, keep，lie, remain, stand, become, fall, get, go, grow, turn,
look, feel, seem, smell, sound, taste,等。
例：I am a teacher.分析：“I”(主语)“am”(系动词)“a teacher”(表语—即表明主语的身份)。
初中英语知识点总结15
每年的中考试卷中，“句型转换”题所占分值较大，是为了全面考查学生在初中阶段所学的词汇(同义或反义)、短语、句型和语法等方面的知识及其它的之间的灵活运用能力。
Ⅰ.题型介绍
所谓“句型转换”就是先给一个完整的句子A，再根据括号内的要求(有时没有明确，须自己观察)，在第二个句子B的空白处填上适当的词来完成的句型转换。
Ⅱ.题型分类
从形式上看，有如下几种形式：①某一词或词组的转换;②词组与句子的转换;③同义句型的转换;④为纠正常犯语言错误而设计的题目。
从内容上看，此题型涉及的面较广，主要有：①句子功能方面的转换。包括陈述句(肯定与否定)、四种题疑问句、祈使句、感叹句的转换;②句子结构方面的转换。即简单句、复合句、并列句之间的转换;③语态的转换。即主动语态与被动语态之间的转换;④常用句型与词汇手段的转换。
Ⅲ.具体分类如下
一、陈述句与疑问句、祈使句、感叹句间的转换
1、陈述句中肯定句变为否定句，大部分是用not来改变谓语结构，但也有借用否定意义的词，如nothing, nobody, none, neither, little, few, never, hardly等，例如：
A：Tom does well in maths.
B：Tom doesn't do in maths.
A：He has much to do.
B：He has nothing to do.
A：All of my classmates like art.
B：None of my classmates likes art.
2、改为疑问句。根据上下句的结构和词的减少，来判断变为哪一种形式的疑问句。例如：
A：My brother often has breakfast at school.
B： Does your brother often have breakfast at school?
A：Tom's already weak in English.
B：Tom's already weak in English, isn't he ?
A：The red light changes every two minutes.
B：How often does the red light change?
3、改为感叹句。根据所给的句子结构和单词的词性，来确定使用哪一种感叹句的形式，例如：
A：This is an interesting book.
B：What an interesting book this is!
或 How interesting this book is!
二、同义句转换。
根据上句，写出一个意思相同(或相近)的下句，此类形式繁多，内容复杂，涉及面广，归类如下：
1、同义词或词组之间的转换。(通常上下句时态保持一致)。
常见的同义词或词组有：(1)四个“花费”(spend-take-cost-take);(2)三个“到达”(get to-reach-arrive in/at);(3)四个“收到…来信”(hear from-get a letter from-receive a letter from-have a letter from);(4)两个“擅长于…”(be good at -do well in);(5)两个“有空”(be free-have time);(6)三个“入睡”(go to sleep-get to sleep-fall asleep);(7)两个“玩得开心”(enjoy oneself-have a good time);(8)“给…打电话”(call sb-telephone sb-ring sb. a call-make a telephone to sb.)(9)“飞往…”(fly to…-go to…by air/plane)(10)“自学”(teach oneself-learn…by oneself)(11)在…方面帮助help…with…-help… (to)do…(12)在…差be weak in…-do badly in…(13)能/会…can-be able to(14)更喜欢…like…better than…-prefer…to…(15)充满了…be full of…-be filled with…(16)放弃干…give up doing…-stop doing…(17)不再… no longer-not …any longer(18)照顾/保管 take care of…-look after(19)展览 on show-on display(20)阻止…干…stop…from doing-keep/prevent…from doing…(21)由于 thanks to-because of…(22)举手hands up-put up one's hands(23)最后，终于at last-in the end(24)与…不同 be different from…-be not the same as…(25)从…借入… borrow…from…-lend…to…(26)乘公汽/火车/的士 go to…by bus/train/taxi-take a bus /train/taxi to…(27)乘自行车去… go to…by bike-ride a bike to…(28)为…感到自豪 be proud of…-be the pride of…(29)步行去… walk to…-go to…on foot (30)独自地by oneself -alone等。例如：
A：The children had a good time in the park.
B：The children enjoyed themselves in the park.
2、同义句型之间的转化。常见的同义句型有①It seems that 从句→Somebody seems(to be)+adj/n ②It's kind of sb. to do…→Somebody is kind to do… ③What does…mean?→What do you mean by…? 或What's the meaning of…?④There is something wrong with…→Something is wrong with… ⑤not…until…与when/after/before引导的时间状语从句的转换 ⑥What's wrong with…?→What's the matter with…? ⑦How is…?→What's…like…?⑧How do you like…?→What do you think of?⑧It's time that…→It's time for sb. to do…⑨It's said that…→People say that…⑩Can I help you? →What can I do for you?
例如：
A：I went to bed after I finished my homework.
B：I didn't go to bed until I finished my homework.
3、if引导的条件状语从句的转化。例如：
A：If it doesn't rain tomorrow, they'll go to the park.
B：Unless it rains tomorrow, they'll go to the park.
A：If you don't hurry, you'll be late.
B：Hurry up, or you'll be late.
A：Fish can't live if there is no water.
B：Fish can't live without water.
4、现在完成时态中的一句多译。在现在完成时态中，结束性动词不能与时间段连用，必须改成相应的延续性动词。常见的动词转换有：buy-have, borrow-keep, die-be dead, open-be open, join-be in+组织/be a +成员, begin-be on, leave-be away from, close-be closed, arrive in/ get to/ come/go to-be in/at, finsh-be over, go to sleep-be asleep，get up-be up.
例如：The old man died five months ago.
The old man has been dead since five months ago.
The old man has been dead for five months.
It's five months since the old man died.
Five months has passed since the old man died.
5、简单句与复合句之间的转换。
①含宾语从句的复合句与简单句的转换。例如：
A：I saw they were playing football on the playground.
B：I saw them playing football on the playground.
A：The teacher found that she was very clever.
B：The teacher found her very clever.
A：He found that it was hard to learn English well.
B：He found it hard to learn English well.
A：We are sure that we will win to first match.
B：We are sure to win to first match.
由疑问代词/副词引导的宾语从句可转化为“疑问句+不定式”结构。例如：
A：Could you tell me how I can get to the railway station?
B：Could you tell me how to get to the railway station?
A：We don't know what we should do next.
B：We don't know what to do next.
②由when/after/before/while/since/until引导的时间状语从句可转化为when/after/before/while/sine/until + doing…
例如：
A：They went home after they finished their work.
B：The went home after finishing their work.
A：Mr Smith has taught English since he came to China.
B：Mr Smith has taught English since coming to China.
When sb. +be+数词+years old→at the age of+岁数
A：When he was twelve years old, Edison started writing his own newspaper.
B：At the age of twelve, Edison started writing his own newspaper.
③由so…that…引导的结果状语从句可转化为too…to do或…enough to do……例如：
A：The box is so heavy that I can't carry it.
B：The box is too heavy for me to carry.
或：The box isn't light enough for me to carry.
A：The child is so old that he can go to school.
B：The child is old enough to go to school.
④由so that 引导的目的状语从句可转化为in order to do例如：
A：My father got up early this morning so that he could catch the early bus.
B：My father got up early this morning in order to catch the early bus.
⑤由because 引导的原因状语从句可转化为because of…例如：
A：We didn't go to the park because it rained.
B：We didn't go to the park because of the rain.
⑥定语从句可以转化为介词短语或分词短语。例如：
A：The man who is on the bike is Jim.
B：The man on the bike is Jim.
A：The man who is driving the red car is my boss.
B：The man driving the red car is my boss.
A：The girl who is called Mary is my sister.
B：The girl called Mary is my sister.
6、用并列连词neither…nor;either…or…;both…and…;not only…but also…连句。例如：
A：I haven't seen a TV play for long, and Lily hasn't either.
B：Neither I nor Lily has seen a TV play for long.
A：Tom is good at maths, and he is good at French, too.
B：Tom is good at both maths and French.
neither…nor…, either…or…和not only…but also…连接两个主语时，谓语动词依靠近它的主语而定，即“就近原则”，但是both…and用来连接两个主语时，谓语复数。
7、主动语与被动语态的.互变。
“主动”变“被动”实行“三变二不变”原则。“三变”即是主语，谓语和宾语的变化，“二不变”即时态不变，句式不变。例如：
A：They make watches in the town.
B：Watches are made by them in the town.
A：I can finish the work before eight.
B：The work can be finished(by me)before eight.
A：Do they grow rice in South China?
B：Is rice grown in South China?
注：使役性动词make或感观性动词see/watch/look at/hear/listen to/feel在主动语态中所带省to的不定式宾补变为被动语态时，必须加上to.
A：I saw him take your umbrella.
B：He was seen to take your umbrella.
8、形容词、副词二级之间的转化，例如
A：Chinese is the most important subject of all.
B：Chinese is more important than any other subject.
A：This exercise is easier than the other two.
B：This exercise is the easiest of the three.
Ⅵ.解题指导
要做好句型转换题，必须注意如下几点：
1、注重掌握教材中的基本句和同一句子英语的不同结构表达技巧。
2、弄清题意，明确题目考查点，了解题目所给句子与答句之间的关系。
3、注意从多角度，全方位考虑问题，突破难点，注意复查，看是否按要求完成了转换。
通过上述的归纳和指导，可以理清学生的“依章办事”的解题思路，养成“有条不紊”的解题习惯，培养多角度思维解题的能力，从而达到提高学习效率的目的。
特殊疑问句
注：1、一般情况：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句构成。
2、特殊疑问词在句中充当成分。
3、不用yes ,no回答，直接回答。
4、读降调。
5、常用疑问词：who, what, whose, where, how, which, when, why, how many, how much, how far. How long, how often, how soon, how high, 等。
对划线部分提问。(把各句变为特殊疑问句)
1、 对主语(人)提问：
The boy is running now. Who is running now?
2、 对表语(人)提问：
He is Lily's father. Who is he ?
3、 对介宾(人)提问：
She is looking for the little boy. Who is she looking for ?
4、 对动宾(人)提问：
I often help Wei Hua with English. Who do you often help with English?
5、 对间宾(人)提问：
Kate lent Tom a ball yesterday. Who did Kate lend a ball yesterday?
6、 对主语(东西)提问：
The books are on the desk.. What are on the desk ?
7、 对表语(东西)提问：
These are boats. What are these?
8、 对动宾(东西)提问：
I want a cup of tea. What do you want?
9对职业(提问)提问：
The man is a farmer. What is the man ? What does the man do?
10.对介宾(东西)提问：
He is looking for his pen. What is he looking for?
11、对是什么提问：
It's a Chinese car. What is it?
12、对计算结果提问：
Six and nine is fifteen. What is six and nine?
13、对年级提问：
I'm in Grade Three. What grade are you in?
14、对班级提问：
Li Lei is in Class Five. What class is Li Lei in?
15、对年级和班级提问：
Wei Hua is in Class Three Grade One, What class and grade is Wei hua in ?
16、对排提问:
We are in Row One. What row are you in?
注：1、对年级、班级、排提问时，问句中的in 不能去掉.
2，what 后的grade ,class ，row用小写形式.
3,what根据实际译为汉语.
17、对学号提问:
Lucy is Number Six. What number is Lucy? What is Lucy's number?
18、对后置定语提问:
This is a map of China. What map is this ?
19、对颜色提问:
The flowers are red. What color are the flowers?
20、对几点几分提问:
It's six. What time is it ? What's the time?
21、对名字提问:
My name is Li Lei. What's your name ?
22、对前置定语提问:
These apples are yours. Which apples are yours?
The best one is Lily's. Which one is Lily's?
23、对表语(名物代)提问:
This cup is yours. Whose is the cup?
24、对后置定语提问:
The boy in the hat is my brother. Which boy is your brother?
25、对后置定语提问:
I want to buy the shirt on the left. Which shirt do you want to buy?
26、对主语(名物代)提问:
Mine is red. Whose is red?
27、对定语(形物代)提问:
They are my books. Whose books are they?
28、对定语(名词所有格)提问:
This is Lucy and Lily's room. Whose room is this?
29、对表语(名词所有格)提问：
This cup is Kate's. Whose is this cup?
30对身体提问：
I'm fine (well, OK, All right.) How are you?
31、对年龄提问：
The boy is fifteen. How old are you?
32、对天气提问：
It's cloudy today. How is the weather today?=What's the weather like today?
33、对语言提问：
I can spell it in English. How can you spell it?
34、对方式提问：
I often go to school on foot.(by bus ,by train , by bike?) How do you often go to school?
35、对程度提问：
She studies hard. How does she study?
36、对数量提问：
1,There are five birds in the tree. How many birds are there in the tree?
2,There is much water in the bottle. How much water is there in the bottle ?
3,There is an apple tree in front of the house. How many apple trees are there in front of the house?
37、对价格提问：The meat is ten yuan . How much is the meat?
注：1，对价格提问，be 应根据后面的主语而定。
2，单位yuan在问句中去掉。
38、对距离提问：
The factory is two kilometers from here. How far is the factory from here?
39、对长度提问：
The ruler is one metre long. How long is the ruler?
40、对for+一段时间提问：
We have stayed there for two hours. How long have you stayed there ?
He has lived here since 1997. How long has he lived here?
注：how long 后面必须是延续性动词。
41、对星期提问：
Today is Monday. What day is it today?
42、对in+一段时间提问：
The woman will go to the shop in five minutes. How soon the woman will go to the shop?
43、对频度副词提问：
Liu Ying often carries water for Uncle Li. How often does Liu Ying carry water for Uncle Li?
44、对范围内的次数提问：
I go swimming once a week in summer. How many times do you go swimming in summer?
45、对宽度提问：
The river is five metres wide. How wide is the river?
46、对原因状语提问：
He didn't come to school because he was ill in bed. Why didn't he come to school?
注：表示“因为”的连词有since, as , for, because.
47、对时间状语提问：
We usually come to school at seven in the morning. When do you usually come to school?
48、对地点状语提问：
The children sometimes play football on the playground. Where do the children sometimes play football?
49、对几月几日提问：
It's May 2 today. What's the date today?
50、对种类(后置定语)提问：
I want the cakes with nuts in them . What kind of cakes do you want?
51、对作什么提问：
The boys are playing in the tree. What are the boys doing in the tree?
熟记变特殊疑问句时，容易判断错的情况。
1、 数词
表示年龄：He is fifty-five. How old is he ?
表示时间：It's fifty-five. What's the time?
表示加法：Six and two is eight. What's six and two?
表示价格：The shirt is thirty yuan . How much is the shirt?
表示多少：I have three brothers. How many brothers do you have?
2、 姓名和人
表示人名：My name is Gina. What's your name?
表示人：The woman is Gina. Who is the woman ?
3、 长度和距离
表示距离：It's five hundred metres away from here. How far is it from here?
表示长度：It's five hundred metres. How long is it ?
4、 颜色，东西
表示颜色：The shoes are white. What color are the shoes?
表示物：They are white sheep. What are they?
表示颜色：They are white sheep. What color are these sheep?
5、 名词所有格和人
表示名词所有格：She's Lucy's sister. Whose sister is she?
表示人：She's Lucy's sister. Who is she?
同义句转换的九种类型
同义句转换题是近几年中考英语的一个常考题型，其出题形式通常是同时给出两个句子，第一句完整，第二句中设有几处空格，要求考生填入适当的词或词组，使第二句的意思与第一句意思相同。它综合考查考生的语法、词汇、短语或习惯用语和句型结构等知识，要求运用所学的词汇、语法知识和句型结构填写句子，使句子结构完整、逻辑合理、语法知识无误、意思与所给句子相同。通过对近几年的中考英语试题中同义句转换题的分析，我们发现中考英语同义句转换题主要考查以下几个方面：
一、运用同义词(组)进行转换
用同义词或同义词组对原句中的某些词或词组进行替换，注意转换后的词或词组的词形变化要与句子其他成分相适应。如：
1. That day we could see flowers here and there.
That day we could see flowers __________.
分析：答案为everywhere。everywhere与here and there都表示“到处”。
2. The teacher always takes good care of the children in the school.
The teacher always_______ ______the children well in the school.
分析：答案为looks after。take good care of与look after…well都表示“好好照顾”。
二、运用反义词(组)的否定式进行转换
即用反义词或词组的否定式表达与原句相同的意思，主要考查学生对反义词(词组)的积累和换位思维的能力。如：
1. It’s clear that this visit is different from last time.
It’s clear that this visit is not the___ ___last time.
分析：答案为same as。be different from意为“与……不同”;the same as意为“与……相同”，其否定式与be different from同义。
2. I think wealth is less important than health.
I ___ think wealth is ___ important than health.
分析：答案为don’t，more。less important的意思是“没有(不及)……重要”;more important的意思是“(比)……更重要”，该结构与not连用，则表示“不比……更重要”。
另外，有的反义词即使不与否定词连用，而只需改变句子结构也可构成同义句。如：
He lent some money to his friend.
He friend ___ some money ___ him.
分析：答案为borrowed，from。borrow…from意为“向……借……”;lend…to意为“把……借给……”。两个结构意思相反，但若变换“借出者”与“借入者”的位置，则可转换为同义句。
三、运用不同语态进行转换
即运用主动语态与被动语态的变化来转换同义词，但此时要特别注意时态、动词一致性。如：
1. Everyone should give back his library books on time.
Library books should____ ____ ____ on time.
分析：答案为be given back。被动句中含有情态动词should，因此助动词用be。
2. It is widely accepted that more people use computers in the world today.
Computers ____ widely ___ in the world today.
分析：答案为are，used。computers是复数名词，助动词用are。
四、非延续性动词与延续性动词的相互转换
即非延续性动词与延续性动词进行转换，此时往往会涉及时态的变化。如：
1. The manager left two hours ago.
The manager _____ ____ ____ for two hours.
分析：答案为has been away。leave为非延续性动词，不能与for two hours这样的一段时间连用，而改成be away这样的延续性动词后，则可连用一段时间。
2. The film began five minutes ago.
The film has been _____ _____ five minutes.
分析：答案为on for。has been提示时态是现在完成时态，“for+时间段”表示“持续(一段时间)”，常用在含有现在完成时态的句子里。
3. Mr Li joined the Party twenty years ago.
Mr Li _____ _____ _____ the Party for twenty years.
答案：has been in。短暂动词join，意为“参加、加入(组织，政党)”，不能与延续时间状语连用，与延续性时间状语连用时，将join改成be in或be a member in…。
五、运用不同引语进行转换
即将直接引语变为间接引语或将间接引语转换成直接引语。此时还要注意相关时态、人称、动词、状语等相应的变化。如：
1. “I’ve found my wallet,” he said to me.
He _________ me that he _________ _________ his wallet.
分析：答案为told，had found。此题是将直接引语转换成间接引语。
2. “Did you see her last week?” he said.
He _______ _______ I had seen her the week _______.
分析：答案为asked if/ whether, before。此题是将疑问句的直接引语转换成间接引语。
六、运用简单句与复合句之间的转换
即将简单句变成同义的复合句或将复合句变成同义的简单句。如：
1. We didn’t go out for a walk because it was raining.
We didn’t go out for a walk _______ _______ the rain.
分析：答案为because of。将原因状语从句because it was raining改为表示原因的介词短语because of the rain。
2. He was so excited that he couldn’t go to sleep.
He was ______ ______ ______ go to sleep.
分析：答案为too excited to。将so…that…换成too…to…结构，原句的that从句为结果状语从句，改写句中的不定式仍表结果。
3. Now I will show you how to do the work.
Now I will show you ______ ______ ______ do the work.
分析：答案为how you can。即将原句中的“疑问词+不定式”结构转换成宾语从句。
4. You should put them back after you use them.
You should put them back _____ _____ them.
分析：答案为after using。即将after引导的状语从句改写为after引导的介词短语。
七、运用并列句与复合句之间的转换
即将并列句变成同义的复合句或将复合句变成同义的并列句。如：
1. Come on, or we’ll miss the early bus.
____ we ____ hurry, we’ll miss the early bus.
分析：答案为If，don’t。if引导条件状语从句。
2. The man gave us a talk last week. Now he will give us another talk this week.
The man _____ gave us a talk last week _____ _____ us another talk this week.
分析：答案为who/ that，will give。who/ that gave us a talk last week为定语从句，修饰先行词the man。
八、运用关联连词连接或合并句子
即运用关联连词both…and…，neither…nor…，either…or…，not only…but also…等将两个简单句合并为一个简单句。此时要注意的是，both…and…连接两个主语时，谓语总是用复数，而neither…nor…，either…or…，not only…but also…连接两个主语时，谓语动词通常应与靠近的主语保持一致。如：
1. Tom can’t speak Japanese well and Jim can’t, either.
______ Tom ______ Jim can speak Japanese well.
分析：答案填Neither，nor。neither…nor…表示“……和……(两者)都不”，刚好与原句的两个否定结构的意思相吻合。
2. Alice has read the book and Peter has read it, too.
______ Alice ______ Peter have read the book.
分析：答案为Both，and。both…and…的意思是“……和……(两者)都”。
3. This store sells men’s shoes, and it also sells men’s clothes.
This store sells ______ ______ men’s shoes ______ ______ men’s clothes.
分析：答案为not only，but also。表示“不仅……而且……”之意。
九、利用某些典型句式或结构进行转换
这类典型结构如so…that…，too…to…，enough to，not…until…，so do I等。如：
1. Jim wants to go boating and his parents want to go boating, too.
Jim wants to go boating, and ______ ______ his parents.
分析：答案为so do。句意为“……他的父母也一样(一样想去)”。
2. John went to bed after he finished his homework.
John ______ go to bed ______ he finished his homework.
分析：答案为didn’t，until。not…until意为“直到……才”。