初中英语时态知识点详解 一般过去时表现在 (1) 在宾语从句中,由于时态呼应的关系,可用一般过去时表示现在: I didn’t know you were here. 我不知道你在这儿。(were实际上指现在) I didn’t know you were so busy.我没想到你这么忙。(were实际上指现在) ……
初中英语时态知识点详解
一般过去时表现在
(1) 在宾语从句中,由于时态呼应的关系,可用一般过去时表示现在:
I didn’t know you were here. 我不知道你在这儿。(were实际上指现在)
I didn’t know you were so busy.我没想到你这么忙。(were实际上指现在)
(2) 表示客气委婉的现在:
I wondered if you were free this evening. 不知您今晚是否有空。
I thought you might like some flowers. 我想您也许想要些花。
【注】能这样有的动词主要限于want, wonder, think, hope, intend等少数动词。
(3) 用于某些特殊结构中表示现在
It’s time we started. 我们该动身了。
I wish I knew his name. 要是我知道他的名字就好了。
I’d rather you lived closer to us. 我希望你能住得离我们近点。
【注】该用法主要用于it’s time, I wish, I’d rather, if only, as if, as though 等少数结构后接从句的情形,其中有些结构后面的句子还可用一般过去时表示将来:
I’d rather you come next Monday. 我宁愿你下周星期一来。
另外表主观想法的虚拟条件句也用一般过去时表示现在:
If I had the money now I’d buy a car. 假若我现在有钱,我就买辆小汽车。
“get+过去分词”表被动的用法
一、基本用法
英语被动语态通常由“助动词be+过去分词”构成,有时也可用“get+过去分词”构成:
James got beaten last night. 詹姆斯昨晚被打了。
How did that window get opened? 那个窗户是如何打开的.?
Cleaning women in big cities usually get paid by the hour. 大城市的清洁女工通常按小时计酬。
二、用法说明
但总的说来,用get构成的被动语态不如用be构成的被动语态常见,尤其是在含有施动者的by短语时,用get构成被动语态更是少见。不过有时用be+过去分词构成被动语态构成误解时,人们可能会选get+过去分词来避免这种误解:
The window was broken. 窗户破了(表状态)。/ 窗户被打破了(表动作)
The window got broken. 窗户被打破了(表动作)
一般不用于被动语态的静态动词
那里的人缺乏食物。
正:People there lack food.
误:Food is lacked by people there.
从形式上看,第2句是第1句的相应的被动形式,既然第1句为正句,那么第2句从理论上说应该是成立的。而事实上第2句却是个错句。
在英语中,并不是所有的及物动词都可以用于被动语态的,有些动词(尤其是那些静态动词)尽管它们可以带宾语,但却不用于被动语态,这种动词考生容易弄错,其中主要的有:have,lack,fit,suit,cost,let,like等:
他有一台电脑。
正:He has a computer.
误:A computer is had by him.
他当时正在洗澡。
正:He was taking a bath.
误:A bath was being had by him.
我的鞋不适合。
正:My shoes don’t fit me.
误:I am not fitted by my shoes.
这架钢琴花了她6000美元。
正:The piano cost her 6000 dollars.
误:She was cost her 6000 dollars.
误:6000 dollars was cost her.
这件衣服他穿很合适。
正:The coat suits him very well.
误:He is well suited by the coat.